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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Formation of relationships - two theories |
1) Reward/need theory, we will like people who will reward us. Direct reinforcement (operant conditioning) as we like people who are associated with pleasant events. 2) Similarity, we sort dissimilarity from similarity first. |
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Formation of relationships - two research findings from reward/need |
1) participants rate an experimenter after a task, if postive reinforcement was in place the pps rated experimenter higher 2) 377 individuals asked to rate their relationship in terms of reward/satisfaction. the reward level was superior than other factors in determining relationship satisfaction. |
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Formation of relationships - two research findings from similarity |
1) Rossembaum found that dissimilarity is a more determining factor of whether a relationship will develop. 2) Yoshida found this research is a narrow viewpoint as some couples may choose partners based on other features |
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Maintenance of relationships - two theories of maintenance |
1) Social exchange theory, commitment in a relationship is dependant on profitability. 'comparison level' and 'comparison for alternatives'. 2) Equity theory, ratio of outputs to inputs. |
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Maintenance of relationships - findings of social exchange theory |
Rusbult and Martz suggest this theory could be used to explain why women stay in an abusive relationship. Investments are high (children, security) and alternatives are low (nowhere to live). |
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Maintenance of relationships - findings of equity theory |
Hatfield found 'equity' was the happiest and Bunk and Van Ypren found this was only in high exchange oriented relationships. Demaris found that underbenefitted women was a major factor that could result in divorce. |
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Breakdown of relationships - what is the 'reasons for breakdown'? |
1) lack of skills 2) lack of stimulation 3) maintenance is hard |
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Breakdown of relationships - what are the stages from 'model of breakdown' |
1) breakdown 2) intrapyschic 3) dyadic 4) social 5) grave-dressing 6) ressurection |
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Breakdown of relationships - one study focussing on infedelity |
Boekhouf asked undergrads for reasons of infedelity. Men stated 'sexual reasons' and women stated 'emotional reasons'. |
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Breakdown of relationships - one study into the model of breakdown |
Tashiro and Frazier surveyed undergrads who had recently broken up with a partner. They found that through the 'grave-dressing' and 'ressurection' process they had new insights and could get on with their lives. |
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Breakdown of relationships - IDA points? |
1) Breakdown research is a sensitive area with vulnerable participants. 2) Couples coping enhancement training - help improve communication and problem sovling skills. Cina - couples with the training had higher marital satisfaction. |
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Human reproductive behaviour - sexual selection - what is the logic for sexual selection? |
Random mating is 'stupid mating'. It pays off to be choosy as positive genes will be passed along to offspring. |
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Human reproductive behaviour - sexual selection
What features do women change for men throughout their menstrual cycle? |
Slightly feminised version is more attractive for a long term relationship. When contraception is higher, a more masculine featured man is preffered as this demonstrates testosterone that shows a good immune system. |
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Sex differences in parental investments
- What did Buss find when he explored what males and females looked for in a marriage partner? |
women want men for - financial prospects - intelligent - kind men want women who have - good physical appearance > fertility value - younger women - intelligent - kind |
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Sex differences in parental investments
- What are the reasons for extra marrital affairs in females? |
Having an extra marrital affair can mean that the female can have good resources who can support a child and rear it but if they have an affair they can achieve better genes to pass along to their offspring. |
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Sex differences in parental investments
- What are the benefits and risks of cuckoldry for females? |
Benefits: could recieve extra care and resources for the child from both men Risks: could run the risk of loosing both partners, being abandoned or they could be threatend with actual violence which could hurt the violence |
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Sex differences in parental investments - What are the findings into paternal investment? |
Males do invest as they will restrict their reproductive opporunities and will invest in individual offspring. Males will provide resources such as food to decrease infant mortality. Research found that males will invest in a child even if it is not paternal (stepfathers) |
