Psychology Prologue

Front 1

behaviorism

Back 1

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

Front 2

humanistic psychology

Back 2

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth

Front 3

cognitive neuroscience

Back 3

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Front 4

psychology

Back 4

the science of behavior and mental processes

Front 5

nature-nurture issue

Back 5

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors; today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of both sides

Front 6

natural selection

Back 6

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Front 7

levels of analysis

Back 7

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for examining any given phenomenon

Front 8

biopsychosocial approach

Back 8

an integrated method that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Front 9

basic research

Back 9

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Front 10

applied research

Back 10

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Front 11

counseling psychology

Back 11

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Front 12

clinical psychology

Back 12

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Front 13

psychiatry

Back 13

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

Front 14

positive psychology

Back 14

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive

Front 15

community psychology

Back 15

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Front 16

testing effect

Back 16

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information; also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning

Front 17

SQ3R

Back 17

a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review