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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
empiricism
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the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.
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structuralism
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an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
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functionalism
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a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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psychology
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the science of behavior and mental processes
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nature-nurture issue
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the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
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natural selection
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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
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basic research
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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
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applied research
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scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
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clinical psychology
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a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
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psychiatry
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a brance of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Edward Bradford Titchener
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Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.
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William James
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Developed pragmatism, fuctionalism, took questions from students...
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Mary Whiton Calkins
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Refused a Ph.D, became the president of the American Psychological Association.
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Margaret Floy Washburn
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First woman to receive a psychology Ph.D, she synthesized animal behavior research in The Animal Mind
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John B. Watson
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Worked with Rosalie Rayner, championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditional responses on "Little Albert."
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B.F. Skinner
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A leading "behaviorist," who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior.
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Charles Darwin
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Argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.
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