Psychology Personality Notes Flashcards

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personality

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An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

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Joseph Breuer

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Sigmund Frued's mentor"

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Freud's Unconscious Motivations

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sex and violence

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Free Association

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a method of exploring the unconscious; a person relaxes and says whatever come to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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Freud called Dream Interpretation.....

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"royal road to the unconscious"

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3 levels of mind according to Freud

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conscious, Preconscious, unconscious

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Unconscious (Freud)

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mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, not aware of these

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Preconscious (Freud)

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temporarily stored thoughts we seem to have forgotten, not conscious but retrievable, "available memory"

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Conscious (Freud)

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Aware of everything happening in this mind state

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(Freud) Personality grows out of efforts to.....

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....resolve conflicts between unconscious impulses and society's restraints

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Id (Freud)

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eros (life/love) and thanatos (death); immediate gratification; driven by sex and violence

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Superego (Freud)

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contains conscience (things we shouldn't do) and ego ideal (things we should do for rewards of good feeling and pride)

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Ego (Freud)

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controls id and balances superego; not moral but delays gratification to avoid trouble.

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Oral Period

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mouth, birth to 1 year, oral fixation

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anal period

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anus, between 1st and 2nd year, toilet training, anal fixation

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anal retentive

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very neat, obsessive

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anal expulsive

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messy, passive-agressive (will do it, but now well)

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Phallic Period

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about age 4, libido focused on genital stimulation

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Oedipus complex

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sexual pleasure found in mother, fear of losing unit, castration anxiety

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Electra Complex

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girls fall in love with father, penis envy

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Phallic Fixation

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narcissist, falls in love with self

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Latency Period

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6 to puberty, sexuality is repressed. focus on learning, (sexual energy is focused on education), same-sex friends, school and hobbies, ends with puberty

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Genital Period

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puberty on - for the rest of your life,
sexual feelings come back and focus on others

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Repression

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block off from conscious awareness any desire or memory the ego finds threatening

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Denial

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cut off from consciousness of external threats to ego

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Sublimation

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changing forbidden impulses into socially valued-behaviors

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Displacement

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redirection of unacceptable urges onto a substitute-more appropriate target

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Projection

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reduce anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else

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Rationalization

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self-justifying explanations for behavior

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Regression

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deal with stress by retreating to earlier stage of development -- when things were easier

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Carl Jung

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positive, spiritual psychoanalyst, didn't like Freud's sexual approach and atheism

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Bipolarity (Jung)

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every person has good and bad

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anima archetype

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feminine side of a man's nature

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animus archetype

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masculine side of a woman nature

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Introversion

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Keep to self, quiet, think about things. Shy.

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Extraversion

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Gregarious, outgoing, makes friends easily. Confident.

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inferiority feelings (Adler)

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when you realize you're not as good at something, you work at it very hard to become better

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inferiority complex (Adler)

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a person is dominated by feelings of inferiority

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Alfred Adler's personality factors

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birth order, dreams, and first memories

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Karen Horney

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rejected Freud's male bias, like penis envy

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self-actualization (Maslow's Hierarchy)

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Happy with self, understand self, top (seventh) of Maslow's hierarchy

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Aesthetic Needs

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Justice, truth, beauty, things being just the right way, sixth level of Maslow's Hierarchy

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Cognitive needs

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Learning, understanding world. Fifth level of Maslow's Hierarchy

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Self-Esteem

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feel worthwhile, fourth level of Maslow's Hierarchy

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Love & Belongingness

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need to feel loved, need feel needed. Third level of Maslow's Hierarchy

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Safety

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feeling safe at home, school; shelter. Second level of Maslow's Hierarchy

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Physiological Needs

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food, water, physical needs etc. First (bottom) level of Maslow's Hierarchy

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Self-concept

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all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an answer to the question, "Who am I?"

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Self-esteem

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one's feelings of high or low self-worth

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Carl Roger's growth promoting factors

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genuineness, acceptance, empathy

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unconditional positive regard

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constant support and acceptance, no matter what the person does

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Trait

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a characteristic pattern of behavior

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Emotional Stability

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Calm versus anxious, Severe versus insecure, Self-satisfied versus self-pitying

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Extraversion (Personality Inventory)

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Sociable versus retiring, Fun-loving versus sober, Affectionate versus reserved

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Openness

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Imaginative versus practical, preference for variety versus preference for routine, independent versus conforming

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Agreeableness

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Soft-hearted versus ruthless, Trusting versus suspicious, Helpful versus uncooperative

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Conscientiousness

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-Organized versus disorganized
-careful versus careless
-disciplined versus impulsive

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Minnesota Multi-phasic Personality (MMPI)

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-the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests
-originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use)
-now used for many other screening purposes

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reciprocal determinism (Bandera)

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behavior, internal personal factors and environmental influences all operate as determinants of each other

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Internal Locus of Control

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control own destiny; more independent, less prone to depression, more able to delay gratification, cope with stress better

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External Locus of Control

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pass the blame, don't control own destiny (beyond your particular control), outside factors came into play

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Learned Helplessness

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faced with repeated traumatic events over which they have no control, people come to feel helpless, hopeless, and depressed