Psychology-Perception/senses Unit

Front 1

Auditory Receptors are located in what membrance?

Back 1

basilar membrane

Front 2

What does the iris cause to contract and dialate in different lighting?

Back 2

the pupil

Front 3

Where are the eye's photoreceptors located?

Back 3

in the retina

Front 4

how long does it take the eyes to fully adapt to a dark room?

Back 4

30 minutes

Front 5

physical property of wavelength is associated with the perception of what?

Back 5

hue

Front 6

The Frequency Theory

Back 6

Theory that basilar membrane reproduces the vibrations that enter the ear

Front 7

Pheremones (definition)

Back 7

chemical substances secreted by animals to attract each other

Front 8

Anosmia (definition)

Back 8

loss of smell

Front 9

Perception (definition)

Back 9

cognitive process by which we interpret sensory messages

Front 10

Sensory adaptation (definition)

Back 10

We stop noticing certain stimuli in the environment

Front 11

name the 4 taste qualities

Back 11

sweet, sour, bitter, salty

Front 12

Where does auditory information terminate?

Back 12

Temporal lobe

Front 13

Psychphysics

Back 13

study of relationship between physical stimuli and our perception of the stimuli

Front 14

What happens in the somatosensory cortex?

Back 14

Final processing of neural responses for taste

Front 15

What happens in the olfactory epithelium?

Back 15

airborne molecules make contact with smell receptors so we can smell

Front 16

Detection

Back 16

Awareness of the presence of a sensory stimulus

Front 17

absolute threshold

Back 17

hypothetical minimum of a physical energy (scent, sound, pressure, etc) that an individual can detect

-the level in which the stimulus is detected 50% of the time

Front 18

Signal-Detection theory

Back 18

four combinations of stimulus and response are possible

-hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection

Front 19

Just Noticeable Difference

Back 19

minimum amt. of difference that can be detected between two sensory stimuli

Front 20

Weber's Law

Back 20

the greater the magnitude of the stimulus, the larger a difference needs to be in order to be detected

-smaller the fraction, more sensative we are

Front 21

Receptor Cells

Back 21

Where stimulation occurs
-they have evolved to detect particular kinds of energy like mechanical, electromagnetic, or chemical energy

Front 22

transduction

Back 22

process when sensory receptors convert the energy received from the environment to a form of energy that is meaningful to the nervous system

Front 23

Sensory Coding

Back 23

phsyiological form of communication through which sensory receptors convey a range of information about stimuli through the nervous system

Front 24

2 important properties of sensory stimulus

Back 24

-intensity (amount of physical energy that is transduced)
-quality (nature of stimulus)

Front 25

single-cell recording

Back 25

recording of one neuron in the brain ...shows what kind of neurons are active

Front 26

what 2 factors determine stimulus intensity?

Back 26

neuron's rate of firing and the neuron's firing pattern regularity

Front 27

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 27

range of energy of varying wavelengths

-humans can only see wavelengths from 350 to 750 nanometers

Front 28

cornea

Back 28

curved exterior lens that gathers and focuses entering light

-region of the sclera (holds gelatinous substances of the eye)

Front 29

trace how light enters the eye

Back 29

1)enters cornea
2)passes through pupil(hole in the center of the iris)
3)iris reflects certain beams outward from the eye to give us distinct colors
4)curved interior lens causes light to bed as it passes through

Front 30

accomodation

Back 30

process where the lens changes its curvature to focus on objects of different distances

Front 31

ganglion cells

Back 31

first layer of neuronal tissue
-its axons constitute the optic nerve

Front 32

the optic nerve is composed of the axons of what?

Back 32

the ganglion cells

Front 33

what are the 3 layers of the retina?

Back 33

first/frontal: ganglion cells/optic nerve
second: amacrine cells, horizontal cells, bipolar cells
third: photoreceptors

-info then transmitted to brain

Front 34

name the 2 kinds of photoreceptors

Back 34

1)rod:long, thin, in periphery of retina

2)cones: short, thick, foveal region of retina

-more rods than cones

Front 35

optic chiasma

Back 35

where the optic nerves of the two eyes join at the base of the brain

Front 36

blind spot

Back 36

small area on the retina where the optic nerve pushes aside photoreceptors to exit the eye

Front 37

gestalt approach

Back 37

the whole is different from the sum of its individual parts

Front 38

agnosias

Back 38

deficits in visual perception

Front 39

prosopagnosia

Back 39

severe deficit in ability to recognize human faces

Front 40

sound's amplitude

Back 40

correspondes to sensation of loudness

-higher the amplitude, louder teh sound

Front 41

pitch

Back 41

how high or low a tone sounds
-produced by frequency, or the number of cycles per second of wavelengths
-low pitch: low frequency, long wavelength

Front 42

timbre

Back 42

quality of sound that allows us to tell the difference between A flat played on piano and on harmonica

Front 43

how does sound enter the ear?

Back 43

1)The pinna (outer part of ear) collects sound waves
2) moves down auditory canal toward eardrum (vibrates in response to sound waves)
3) sounds goes through middle bones, they amplify the vibrations, then they transmit them to teh cochlea