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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Imaginary Audience
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A common belief among adolescents that others are constantly watching them (they are on stage
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Personal Fable
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A common belief among adolescents that they are unique, special, and invulnerable or immortal
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Introspection
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Thinking about one's own thoughts and feelings, reflecting, detailed self-concept
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The four stages of cognitive development proposed by John Piaget
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sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
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Sensorimotor (age)
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Birth to 2 years
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Preoperational (age)
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stage 2 to 7 years
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Concrete operational (age)
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7 to 11 years old
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Formal operational (age)
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11 years and beyond
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Sensorimotor cognitive tasks
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learning is related to senses and basic motor skills, babies develop basic motor activities and move from body centered world to object centered world
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Sensorimotor, Elkind
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principal cognitive task is the conquest of the object
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Preoperational cognitive tasks
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language is developed, symbolic play, egocentricity
syncretism- the act of trying to link ideas animism- the belief that inanimate objects have humanlike properties centering- tendency to focus on one detail and the inability to shift attention to other aspects of a situation |
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Preoperational, Elkind
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principal cognitive task is the conquest of the symbol
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Concrete operational cognitive tasks
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preadolescents, older children can understand part to whole, whole to part, conservation- the concept that change in an objects appearance does not alter its fundamental properties
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Concrete operational stage, Elkind
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mastering classes, relations, quantites
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Formal Operational cognitive tasks
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early adolescence, shift to more abstract thinking, systematization of ideas, critical thinking, and theory development
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Formal Operational, Elkind
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conquest of thought
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Information Processing
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an approach to studying cognition that focuses on the perception, attention, retrieval, and manipulation of information
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Epistemology
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the study of knowledge
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Brain Development during adolescence
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parietal, frontal, temporal
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Parietal
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spatial reasoning, perception related to touch, temperature, pain
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Frontal
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planning, impulse control
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Temporal
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language, perception of sound, memory
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Occipital lobe
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finished developing by adolescence, vision processes
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Stanford-Binet
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the first intelligence test was developed by Alfred Binet
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Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
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most widely used intelligence test
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Achievement tests
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measure how well one has mastered a set of facts or skills
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Self-concept
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a person's conscious, cognitive perception and evaluation
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Self-esteem
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a person's impression or opinion of himself or herself; how one feels about himself or herself
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Gender
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the psychological or sociological construct of what it means to be a man or woman
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Marcia proposed that a mature identity is established through
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crisis and commitment
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Identity diffused
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normal in early adolescence, not entered into crisis period and are not trying on different roles
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Identity foreclosure
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established by being handed down by parents or other authority figures, teen is not searching or exploring for themselves, relying on what some tells them, have a hard time distinguishing between own goals
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Identity moratorium
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period of delay, teen is exploring different identities, facing confusion, not ready to commit
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Identity achieved
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teen is able to resolve identity crises by evaluating alternatives and making decisions and commitments on her own
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Four sources of information related to sex
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friends, media, school sex education programs, parents
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Three most common contraceptive methods used by teens
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birth control, condoms, withdrawal
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Which industrialized nation has the highest teen pregnancy rate?
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Russia
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How many teens will develop STDs within a given year?
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1 in 4 having sex
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Attachment style
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refers to the emotional bond a child has with his or her caregivers
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Child Abuse
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includes physical assault, malnourishment, abandonment, neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse
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Child Neglect
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the failure to provide minimal care of a child (food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education needs, social support, and emotional support)
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What are the four primary sources of conflict between teens and there parents?
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Social Issues- friends, dating, curfew
Responsibility- chores, allowances, jobs School- grades, study habits, behavior Family relationships- fights with siblings, spending time with immediate or extended family |
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Authoritative
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find a healthy balance between affection and discipline, listen and care for teenagers, in control of family, enforce rules, children development secure attachments
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Authoritarian
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controlling, show little affection, little or no room for discussion, may be perfectionists, have very high expectations
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Permissive
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undemanding but warm, extremely affectionate and lenient, become friends instead of discipline, very over-indulgent, let their teens set rules
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Univolved
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unaffectionate and lenient, may be absent physically and emotionally most of the time, may not have ever wanted children, do not want children to interfere with schedules or plans
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In America, what percentage of marriages end in divorce?
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50%
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Sole custody
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one parent has exclusive custody
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Joint Custody
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both parents share decision- making privileges and/or living with a child
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Legal
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the parent has the right to make important decisions about the child's life, such as which school he or she will attend
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Residential
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where and with which parent the child will live
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