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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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behavior genetics
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the study of the relative power and limits of genetics and environmental influences on behavior
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environment
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every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things in the surroundings
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chromosome
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a threadlike structure made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acids; a complex molecules containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
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gene
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the biochemical unit of heredity that makes up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
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genome
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the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
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identical twins
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twins who develop from a single (monozygotic) fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
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fraternal twins
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twins who develop from separate (dizygotic) fertilized eggs; they are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment
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temperament
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a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
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molecular genetics
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the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
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heritability
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the proportion of variation among individuals that can be attributed to genes; may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
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interaction
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the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
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epigenetics
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the study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
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evolutionary psychology
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the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
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natural selection
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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
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mutation
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a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
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