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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is LTM coded? |
Semantically |
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How is STM coded? |
Acoustically |
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In 1956 George Miller suggested the capacity of STM was |
7 plus or minus 2 |
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In 1959 Lloyd and Margaret Peterson suggested the duration of STM was |
Less than 18 seconds if verbal rehearsal is prevented |
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MSM: What is the sensory register? |
The place where information is held at each of the senses. The capacity of these registers is very large. |
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MAM: If a person's attention is focused on one of the sensory stores, where is the data transferred? |
Short-Term memory |
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What is the most common method of transferring information from STM to LTM |
Repetition |
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MSM: What is a limitation of the multi-store model? |
The model is too simple, it suggests that STM and LTM are single 'unitary' stores however research does not support this. |
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WMM: What is the purpose of the central executive? |
To direct attention to particular tasks and allocate the brains resources to tasks. These resources are the three slave systems. The CE has very limited capacity. |
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WMM: What is the purpose of the phonological loop? |
It deals with auditory information and preserves the order of information. |
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WMM: What is the purpose of the visuo-spatial sketchpad? |
It is used when you have to plan a spatial task (like getting from one room to another) Spatial information is temporarily stored here. |
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WMM: In 2000 Baddeley added the episodic buffer to the model. What did he suggest the purpose of the buffer was? |
The episodic buffer is an extra storage system that has, in common with all working memory units, limited capacity. |
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WMM: Why is the central executive a limitation to the working memory model. |
Some scientists believe the explanation to be too vague and they believe it doesn't actually explain anything. |
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What is episodic memory? |
The type of memory that had a sequence of events and creates a timeline for memories. This type of memory is concerned with your personal experiences, such as the recollection of your first day at school. |
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What is semantic memory? |
Semantic memories consist of memory about facts such as 2 + 2 = 4 and that the capital of England is London. Semantic memories may relate to things, such as the functions of objects and the norms of society. |
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What is Procedural memory? |
Procedural memory is concerned with skills, such as knowing how to tie a shoelace. It is about knowing how to do something rather than knowing the rules of what to do. Procedural memories are typically acquired through repetition and practice. |
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What is retroactive interference? |
The process of new information interfering with the old. |
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What is proactive interference? |
The process of old information interfering with the new. |
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What is proactive interference? |
The process of old information interfering with the new. |
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Who conducted a real-world study into interference? |
In 1977 Baddeley and Hitch tested rugby players recalling the names of teams they had played against over a rugby season. Some played in all games of the season but others missed some games due to injury. They found players who played more games remembered less due to interference. |
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What is a limitation of interference theory? |
Most research into interference has been artificial and lab-based. Often rather artificial words were used that means we cannot compare to words with meaning. Finally the participants may lack motivation to remember. |
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In 1973 Tulving and Thomson proposed that |
memory is most effective if information that was present at encoding is also available at the time of retrieval. |
