Psychology "learning" Vocab

Front 1

relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Back 1

learning

Front 2

the man who concluded that we learn by association, or that minds naturally connect events that occur in a sequence)

Back 2

Aristotle

Front 3

learning that certain events occur together; events may be two stimuli or response and its consequence

Back 3

associative learning

Front 4

process of learning to associations

Back 4

conditioning

Front 5

learning to associate a response and its consequence and thus to repeat acts followed by rewards and avoid acts followed by punishment

Back 5

operant conditioning

Front 6

learning to associate two stimuli and thus to anticipate events

Back 6

classical conditioning

Front 7

learning from others experiences and examples

Back 7

observational learning, "modeling"

Front 8

view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Back 8

behaviorism

Front 9

unlearned, naturally occurring response to unconditioned stimulus such as salivation

Back 9

unconditioned response

Front 10

stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response

Back 10

unconditioned stimulus

Front 11

relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Back 11

learning

Front 12

the man who concluded that we learn by association, or that minds naturally connect events that occur in a sequence)

Back 12

Aristotle

Front 13

learning that certain events occur together; events may be two stimuli or response and its consequence

Back 13

associative learning

Front 14

process of learning to associations

Back 14

conditioning

Front 15

learning to associate a response and its consequence and thus to repeat acts followed by rewards and avoid acts followed by punishment

Back 15

operant conditioning

Front 16

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus (skinner's term for behacior learned through classical conditioning)

Back 16

respondant behavior

Front 17

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Back 17

operant behavior

Front 18

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences beomce more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Back 18

law of effect

Front 19

chamber containing a barrier key that an animal can maniupulate to obtain a food/water reinforcer, with attached devices to record animals rate of bar pressing; used in operant conditioning research

Back 19

operant chamber

Front 20

operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide bavhior toward closer and closer approximations of desired goal

Back 20

shaping

Front 21

in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Back 21

reinforcer

Front 22

an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

Back 22

primary reinforcer

Front 23

stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer

Back 23

conditioned reinforcer

Front 24

reinforcing desired response every time it occurs

Back 24

continuous reinforcement

Front 25

reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement

Back 25

partial reinforcement

Front 26

operant conditioning schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Back 26

fixed-ratio schedule

Front 27

ratio schedule in operant conditioning that reinforces a response after unpredictable number of responses

Back 27

variable-ratio schedule

Front 28

an event that decreases behavior that it follows

Back 28

punishment

Front 29

in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Back 29

variable-interval schedule

Front 30

mental representation of the layout of ones environment

Back 30

cognitive map

Front 31

process of observing ad imitating a specific behavior

Back 31

modeling

Front 32

transmitted cultural elements

Back 32

memes

Front 33

positive, constructive, helpful behavior (the opposite of antisocial behavior)

Back 33

prosocial

Front 34

effect of promising a reward for doing what one alrady likes to do; person may see reward as motivation for performing task

Back 34

overjustification effect

Front 35

steps of taking control of behavior

Back 35

1. state goal
2. monitor how often you engage in behavior you wish to promote
3. reinforce desired behavior
4. reduce the incentives

Front 36

systematic way of changing the way people act

Back 36

behavior modification

Front 37

those who use this at disordered behavior through this lense see emotional problems as a kind of illness, to be treated with medicine

Back 37

medical model

Front 38

people who look at disordered behavior through this lense believe it is caused by underlying problems and conflicts of which we're unaware

Back 38

psychodynamic model

Front 39

those who look at disordered behavior through this lense believe that behavior is the problem, and that it is learned

Back 39

behavioral model

Front 40

any behavior that is rewarded more than it is punished will be maintained

Back 40

principle effect

Front 41

actions with unpleasant results tend to disappear

Back 41

principle of extinction

Front 42

deciding on the specific behavior you wnat to change

Back 42

pinpointing

Front 43

noting how often, where, and when the behavior occurs; what happens just after and what happens just before

Back 43

record keeping

Front 44

setting goals and deciding how to reach them

Back 44

making an action plan

Front 45

technique used by psychologists in an attemps to get over fears

Back 45

desensitization

Front 46

list of low to high anxiety situations involving a fear

Back 46

anxiety hierarchy

Front 47

a technique used to punish a person for negative behavior

Back 47

aversion therapy