Psychology In Action Chapter 2

Front 1

Polarized state

Resting Potential or Action Potential

Back 1

Resting Potential

Front 2

At Rest does the fluid inside the axon have more negatively charged ions then the fluid outside or more positively charged ions.

Back 2

Negatively Charged Ions

Front 3

Sodium-Potassium Pumps

Back 3

Pulls potassium ions in and pumps sodium ions out of the axon

Front 4

Depolarization-->>Repolarization-->>Action Potential-->>Cell Body-->>Axon-->>Terminal Buttons

Back 4

Communication WITHIN the Neuron

Front 5

Communication BETWEEN Neurons

Back 5

Terminal Buttons release neurotransmitters into synapse-->>Attach to the recieving neuron

Front 6

A recieving neuron will only produce action potential and carry the message if..........

Back 6

Excitatory messages from the neurotransmitters outweigh the Inhibitory messages

Front 7

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Back 7

Neurotransmitter-muscle action, learning, memory, REM, emotion

decreased=Alzheimer's

Front 8

Epinephrine

Back 8

Emotional arousal, memory storage, metabolism of glucose (energy release)

Front 9

GABA

(gamma aminobutyric acid)

Back 9

Neural inhabition in the central nervous system; tranquilizing drugs like Valium

Increase=decreased anxiety

Front 10

Norepinephrine

(noradrenaline)

Back 10

Learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking, eating, alertness, reactions to stress

Low=depression

High=agitated, manic states

Front 11

How does poisons and drugs affect the brain

Back 11

Replacing, decreasing, or enhancing the amount of neurotransmitters

Front 12

What type of drugs mimic neurotransmitters and what type blocks them

Back 12

Agonist=mimic

Antagonist=block

Front 13

Lower-Level Brain Structures

Back 13

Hindbrain

Midbrain

Parts of Forebrain

Front 14

Endocrine System

Back 14

Pineal- Pituitary (Hypothalamus)- Thyroid- Adrenal- Overies- Testes- Parathyroid- Pancreas

Front 15

Forebrain

Back 15

Higer-level structures & functions

Cerebral Cortex, Limbic System, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

Front 16

Reticular Formation

Back 16

Midbrain/Hindbrain-incoming sensory info, control arousal

Front 17

Midbrain

Back 17

Coordinate movement patterns, sleep, arousal

Reticular formation

Front 18

Hindbrain

Back 18

Lower-level Structures

Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla

Front 19

Medulla

Back 19

Hindbrain

vital, automatic functions (respiration, heartbeat)

Front 20

Pons

Back 20

Hindbrain

respiration, movement, waking, sleep, dreaming

Front 21

Cerebellum

Back 21

Hindbrain

fine muscle movement, balance, some perception & cognition

Front 22

Cerebral Cortex

Back 22

Forebrain

Thin outer layer

complex behaviors & higher mental processes

Front 23

Hypothalamus

Back 23

Forebrain

drives (hunger, thirst, sex, aggression); governs Endocrine system; emotion and reward

*limbic system*

Front 24

Thalamus

Back 24

Forebrain

Sensory Switchboard

*limbic system*

Front 25

Hippocampus

Back 25

Forebrain

memory

*limbic system*

Front 26

Amygdala

Back 26

*limbic system*

Regulates emotions

aggression & fear

Front 27

Brainstem

Back 27

automatic survival functions (heartbeat, respiration)

Front 28

Spinal Cord

Back 28

CNS

transmits info between the brain & body

reflexes

Front 29

Limbic System

Back 29

Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala

Forebrain Structures

Emotions, Drives, Memory

Front 30

Broca's Area

Back 30

Left hemisphere

Frontal Lobe

speech production

Front 31

Wernicke's Area

Back 31

Left hemisphere

Temporal Lobe

language comprehension

Front 32

Frontal Lobes

Back 32

Coordinates messages from other lobes

motor control (motor cortex), speech production, higher functions

Front 33

Motor Cortex

Back 33

Voluntary movement

frontal lobe

Front 34

Somatosensory Cortex

Back 34

Parietal Lobes

recieves sensory messages

Front 35

Parietal Lobes

Back 35

recieve/interpret sensations

somatosensory cortex

Front 36

Temporal Lobes

Back 36

hearing, language comprehension, memory, some emotional

Front 37

Name the Lobes in the brain

Back 37

Frontal

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

Front 38

Left Hemisphere

Back 38

Language functions (speaking, reading, writing, understanding language)

Analytical-figures things out step by step

Front 39

Right Hemisphere

Back 39

Nonverbal abilities (music, art, preceptual, spatiomanipulative skills, recognition of faces, patterns, melodies, some language comprehension

Synthetic- combine to form wholes to figure things out

Front 40

Methods of Behavioral Genetic Research

Back 40

Twin

Family

Adoption

Abnormalities

Front 41

Pineal Gland

Back 41

sleep cycle, body rhythms

Front 42

Pituitary Gland

Back 42

growth

secretes hormones that affect other glands

controled by hypothalamus

Front 43

Adrenal Glands

Back 43

arouse body,respond to stress, salt balance, some sexual functions

Front 44

Parathyroid Gland

Back 44

regulates calcium in blood

Front 45

Subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

Back 45

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 46

Somatic Nervous System

Back 46

Subdivision of the PNS

incoming sensory info

outgoing motor info

sense organs & skeletal muscles

Front 47

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 47

Subdivision of the PNS

nerves outside of CNS that maintain normal functioning glands, heart,

Front 48

Subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Back 48

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System