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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different ways of collecting data?
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Experiment (lab and field)
Quasi Experiment Correlation Observation Case Studies Interviews |
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What is a two tailed hypothesis?
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A hypothesis that predicts that there will be an effect but not what the effect will be.
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What is a one tailed hypothesis?
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A hypothesis that will predict a specific outcome one way (increases or decreases)
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What is a null hypothesis?
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one that predicts no change
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What are the three types of samplin?
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Random
Stratified Opportunity Self Selecting |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling?
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Pros:
provides the best chance of an unbiased representative sample Cons: very impractical to list everyone and randomly select |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of stratified samplign?
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A deliberate effort is made to identify categories to represent
very time consuming as you have to identify the subcategories |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of Opportunity sampling?
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quick convenient and cost effective
Very bias and have low ecological validity |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of Self Selecting sampling?
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Convenient and ethical if the volunteering is made on informed consent
Bias on the part of the subject, low ecological validity. |
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what is an IV?
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Independant variable is the condition that is changed to gauge the effect on another variable
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What is a DV?
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The condition that is used to gauge the effect of the IV
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What are the three ways of using subjects in an experiment (experimental design)
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Repeated measures
Inependant measures Matched pairs |
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of repeated measures?
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subject variables are kept constant between conditions
better statistical tests fewer subjects are required order effects (boredom, fatigue, learning etc) demand characteristics different tests may be needed |
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of independent measures?
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Order effects are removed as they only do condition
demand characteristics are less of a problem the same test can be used subject variables differ worse statistical tests more subjects are required |
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of matched pairs?
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Subject variables are more constant
better statistical tests order effects do not occur demand characteristics are less of a problem the same test can be used subject variables can never be matched perfectly very time consuming and difficutl to match pairs more subjects are required, therefoer less economical |
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What are the four different types of interviews?
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structured, prescripted
semi structured, guidelines clinical, can elaborate unstructured, free |
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What is positive and negative correlation?
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positive correlation is when both variables increase or decrease together.
Negative correlation is when one variable has a higher value than another. |
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What is bidirectional ambiguity?
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the capacity of a variable to change in two directions.
e.g children under ten are mroe violent and watch more tv. are they violent because of the tv or do they watch more tv because they are more violent. Ambiguity between cause and effect |
