Psychology Final Exam

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Residual Skitzophrenia

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symptoms of withdrawal, no talking or activities. usually after delusions

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Undifferentiated schizophrenia

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many varied symptoms

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Catatonic schizophrenia

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immobility. parrot-like repeating of another person’s speech

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Disorganized schizophrenia

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disorganized speech or behavior.

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Paranoia schizophrenia

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preoccupation with delusions often with themes of persecution or grandiosity

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Delusions

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false beliefs often of persecution or grandiosity

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Schizophrenia

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characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and behavior (diagnosed 18-21 years)

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Psychosis

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psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality. They experience irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

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Bipolar disorder

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a mood disorder in which a person alternated between the hopelessness of depression and mania. Runs stronger in the females of the family. Hereditary. Can't be cured.

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Mania

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a mood disorder that is marked by hyperactive wildly optimistic states. Manic people make horrible decisions.

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Major Depressive Disorder

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a person experiences in the absence of drugs or another medical condition two or more weeks of significantly depressed mood or diminished pleasure or interest in most activities

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Mood Disorders

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Psychological disorder characterized by emotional extremes

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Characterized by haunting nightmares, social withdrawal, very jumpy anxiety, insomnia. Lingers for at least four or more weeks

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thought and or actions

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Phobias

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an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity and situation

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Panic Disorder

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these are marked by unpredictable minute long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences, terror, chest pains, choking, or other very frightening type symptoms to the point where they can becoming debilitating

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Anxiety Disorder

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psychological disorder characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (gad)

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a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of nervous system arousal

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DSM-ID-TR

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has every diagnosis known to man in the mental health field; the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

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attention deficit disorder

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difficult time focusing

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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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marked by the appearance by age seven of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity or impulsivity

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psychological disorders

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deviant distressful and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts feelings or behaviors.

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rorschach dot test

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personality test produces ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics; most widely used test. ten ink blots; seek to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretation of the blots

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Projective test

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Personality test. provides ambiguous stimuli. 10 ink blot tests

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Ways of Dealing

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six defense mechanisms

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regression

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retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage

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reaction formation

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switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

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projection

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disguising ones own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

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rationalization

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offering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for ones actions

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displacement

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shifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

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denial

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refusal to believe that something is happening

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sexual disorders

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a problem that consistently disrupts sexual things

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estrogen

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sex hormones secreted in greater amounts in females and characteristics. they peak during ovulation promoting sexual respectively

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Theory of Psychology of Sex

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external stimuliguys become sexually stimulated from reading hearing and seeing girls are stimulated tooporn addicts look for peace in porn. they arer trying to escape realitypornography is just fantasy

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Defense mechanism

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Freud says that in psychoanalytic theory; the ego’s protective method of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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Dissociative disorder

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characterized by an involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

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a condition in which a person has two or more distinct identity or personality states, which may alternate within the individual's conscious awareness.

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Personality Disorder

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psychological disorder characterized by inflexible enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. Axis 2: only treatable through therapy

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Antisocial Personality Disorder

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in which a person, usually a male, exhibits a lack of conscious for wrong doing even towards friends and family. may be aggressive, ruthless

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Psychosexual stages (Freud)

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Five stages

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Oral

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0-18 months. everything goes in the mouth. pleasure centers on the mouth.

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anal stage

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(18-36 months): pleasure focuses of bowl and bladder elimination. begin to exert control

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Fallic stage

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(3-6 years): pleasure zone is the genitals. Children begin to cope with incestuous feelings towards one parent or another. children are constantly touching their genitals

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Latency period (6-puberty)

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phase of dormant sexual feelings

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Genital phase

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(puberty til death): sexual maturation

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psychoanalysis (theory of personality)

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unconscious motives and conflicts; everything has to do with the unconscious mind

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ego

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executive part of our personality; basically the mediator between the id and the superego. satisfies the id in ways that are realistic and bring pleasure rather than pain

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superego

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according to freud, internalized ideals provides standards for judgement

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id

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unconscious energy; reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories; reservoir of unconscious psychic energies. requires instant gratification. our extreme sexual and aggressive needs

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Free association

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Freud’s method of exploring the unconscious mind

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Encoding

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processing of information into the memory system

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Storage

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the retention of encoded information

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retrieval

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process of getting info out of the memory storage

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short-term memory

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activated memory that holds a few items briefly

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long-term memory

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relatively permanent and limitless store house of the memory system

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sensory memory

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immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory

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thinking and language

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difference between talking to and talking at

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cognition

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mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

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insight

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a sudden realization of a problem's solution

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language

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our spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning

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phoneme

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smallest distinct sound units in language

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morpheme

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in any language, the smallest unit that carries meaning

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grammar

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system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others

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menopause

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the time of natural cessation of your monthly menstrual cycle. biological changes a woman goes through as her ability to reproduce declines

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intimacy

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(erikson) ability to form close loving relationships

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social identity

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it is the we aspect of our self concept. it is the part of our answer to the question of “who am i?” based on our group membership

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identity

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our sense of self

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self-concept

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our understanding and our evaluation of who we are

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menarche

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first menstrual cycle

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adolescence

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the transition period from childhood to adulthood

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puberty

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the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

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primary sex characteristics

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the body structures the make sexual reproduction possible (ovaries, external genitalia, testicles)

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secondary sex characteristics

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non-reproductove characteristics (breasts, hips, male voice quality, body hair)

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the authoritarian (parenting style)

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parents who impose rules and expect obedience

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the permissive (parenting style)

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these parents submit to their children’s desires. they make few to no demands and use little to no punishment.

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authoritative parent (parenting style)

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exert control by setting rules but also explain why the rules are set. establish open dialogue and set exceptions to rules.

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absentee parent

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choose not to be active in child’s life

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basic trust

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(eric erikson) sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

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attachment

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an emotional tie with another person. in early childhood that means the primary care giver.

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stranger anxiety

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the fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning about eight months of age

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theory of the mind

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people’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states

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object permanence

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the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

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pre-operational stage

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2-6 or 7: representing things with words and imagespretend play: imaginationegocentrism: child’s inability to see another person’s point of view. can carry on to teens and adulthood

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concrete operational stage

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7-11: thinking logically about concrete events being able to grasp concrete analogies and perform arithmetic. conservation: the principle that properties such as mass volume and number, remains the same despite changes in the form of objectsmathematical transformations

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formal operational stage

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12-adulthood: formal operational stage: abstract reasoningabstract logic: being able me to look at things from every angle possible and form own opinionthe potential for moral mature reasoning

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Jean Piaget

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created four stages of cognitive development