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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the absolute threshold?
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The smallest amount of stimulus that a person can reliably detect.
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You are attracted to someone that is…
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similar to you.
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A neuron contains:
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dendrites, soma, axon hillock, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, terminal buttons (pg 43)
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What is the law of proximity?
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It states that objects that are near or 'proximate' to each other tend to be grouped together.
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A neuron consists of an ____, which is in charge of sending signals to the ____, which then recieves them.
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axon; dendrite
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What is self-actualization?
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To realize one’s own potential is known
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What are the two Greek roots that mean ‘psychology’ ?
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knowledge and spirit.
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What is Observational learning?
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vicarious learning or modeling
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What are the General Adaptation Syndrome stages?
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Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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In the human eye there are two different parts that focuses on the colors that you see. Rods are in charge of___ while cones are in charge of____.
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light; color
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Which does the fundamental attribution error involve?
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overemphasizing internal factors when explaining the behavior of others
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What is the most effective parenting style?
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authoritative
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In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development there are ____levels, which are called, ______.
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3; preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
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Prenatal development occurs in how many stages?
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three stages: first, second, and third trimesters.
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What are the basic tastes that every one has on their tongue?
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sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
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Define algorithm and heuristic
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Algorithm: A step-by-step set of rules that will always lead to a correct solution to a problem
Heuristic: A rule of thumb for solving problems or making decisions |
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Human memory has ____ basic processes known as ____.
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3; encoding, storage, and retrieval
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Distress is an _____ state that may take the form of ____ problems.
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internal; psychological or physical
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One of the subdivisons of delcarative memory is _____ memory, which keeps personal information stored. The other is _____ memory, which keeps the word and concept meanings stored.
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episodic; semantic
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Describe correlational relationships. |
A correlation between 2 things can be positive or negative. A positive relationship means as one increases, so does the other. A negative correlation means increasing one decreases the other. |
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In Watson’s research with Little Albert, the rat began as the ____ and became the ____.
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Neutral Stimuls; Conditioned Stimulus (pg. 181)
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During conception, Joe received ____ chromosomes from his mother and _____ chromosomes from his father. Every chromosome he received contained _____ of genes.
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23; 23; thousands (pg. 77)
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Where are receptors for kinesthesis located?
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joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
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Because of ______, Jill can see my face, then _____, allows her to know that it is me.
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sensation; perception
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Motivation includes factors that _____ goal-directed behavior.
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activate, direct, and sustain
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What is language?
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a set of rules and symbols for communication.
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Procedural memory is to ____ as declaritive memory is to ____.
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knowing how; knowing that
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Cognitive dissonace results when...
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one’s attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.
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Operant conditioning consists of positive reinforcement, which ____ the likelihood of repeating a response, then negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood of repating a response, and punishment ____ the likelihood of repeating a response.
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strengthens; weakens; strengthens
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According to Erikson, middle adulthood is to ____ as early adulthood is to _____.
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generativity vs. stagnation; intimacy vs. isolation
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What is the order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
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What does plasticity mean?
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the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize itself following trauma or surgical alteration.
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Sleep cycles repeat about every____ minutes, and it is typical for an adult to have _____cycles per night.
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90; four to five
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What does maintenance rehearsal mean?
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trying to remember something by repeating it over and over. only works in short term
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What are some benefits of correlational research?
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Offers clues to underlying causes, Can identify groups of people at high risk for behavioral or physical problems, Increases understanding of relationships between variables or events
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Which sense monitors the position of your body in space and helps maintain balance?
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Vestibular
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In Freudian theory, the actual events that occur in a dream are referred to as its ____content, while the underlying meaning of a dream is its ____ content.
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manifest; latent
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People that have an external locus of control tend to be ____ at coping with stress because they don’t think that ____. |
poorer; there is anything they can do about it |
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What is the order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of?
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Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
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What do a lot of psychologists define learning as?
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a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
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Partial reinforcement results in _____learning that is ______ to extinguish.
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slower; harder
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Presentation of rewarding stimulus serves as _____, while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as _____.
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postitive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
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What does Gardner describe intelligence as being composed of?
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eight distinct intelligences.
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What are the concerns of the intelligence tests?
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They can be misused by labeling people as 'dumb' and lowering expectations for them. They can also be biased against people of different cultures
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What is the best description of sexual orientation?
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A continuum with many gradations
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In the cerebral cortex, ____ is to vision as _____ is to hearing.
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occiptal; temporal
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Freud believed that personailty consists of ____ structures, and they are called ____.
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3; id, ego and superego
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How many major parts are in the brain and what are they called?
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3; hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain
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Explain the concept of reliability
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refers to consistency over time
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Explain the concept of validity
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refers to whether or not a test actually measures what its trying to measure
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