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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syntax |
-Grammatical arrangement. Sequencing and grouping, ordering of words. |
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Parsing |
-Assign elements of a sentence's surface structure to linguistic categories. -Usually in a way to unveil underlying tree like structure. |
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Syntactic Ambiguity |
-The same linear order (surface structure) may be ambiguous with respect to underlying structure. -Not lexical ambiguity. -Example: one morning I shot an elephant in my pyjamas. |
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Lexical Ambiguity |
-A single word can be interpreted in multiple ways. |
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Minimal Attachment |
-Prefer the interpretation with simpler structure. -Less nodes. |
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Serial Analysis |
-Modular -Build just one based on syntactic information and continue to try to add to it for as long as possible. |
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Interactive Analysis |
-Use multiple levels of information (both syntactic and semantic) in order to build the best structure. |
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Lexical Bias Effect |
-Speech errors are more likely to result in real words rather than non-words. |
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Domain Specific |
-Language acquisition is modular, does not rely on general cognitive mechanisms. |
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Domain General |
-Language acquisition is no different from, and it built up on other general cognitive processes. |
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Generativist |
-Universal grammar,which contains biases for language structure, is innate. -Language experience triggers prior knowledge. -Domain specific ability. |
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Constructivist |
-Language is constructed by the child using general constructive learning procedures applied to language input. |
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Social Interactionist |
-Language is a social phenomenon, acquired because children want to communicate with each other. -Communicative interaction is crucial, and social cognitive abilities drive language acquisition. |
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Fast Mapping |
-The process of rapid acquisition of new words based on a single exposure. |
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Overextensions |
-Children's use of a word in a more general way than adults. |
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Under Extensions |
-Children's use of a word in a more restrictive way than adults. |
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Ostensions |
-A teaching method of explaining a word by pointing to instances. |
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Quine's Gavagai Problem |
-Not being able to determine what is being referred to. |
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Priority |
-The first label is assumed to be the name of the object, and everything else must be something different. |
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Object Scope Constraint |
-Words refer to the whole object rather than to parts of the object. |
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Taxonomical Constraint |
-Words refer to categories of similar objects. |
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Mutual Exclusivity Constraint |
-Each object has one label and different words refer to separate, non-overlapping categories of objects. |
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Shape Bias |
-When learning nouns, children tend to generalize on the bases of shape, rather than any other feature. |
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Noun Bias |
-The dominant lexical category of children's early vocabulary is nouns. |
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Holophrase |
-A single word utterance that is used by a child to express more than the meaning usually attributed to to that single word by adults. |
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Aphasia |
-A disturbance or loss of language function as a result of brain damage. |
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Kiki & Bouba Effect |
-Non arbitrary mapping between speech sounds and the visual shape of objects. |
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Japanese Mimetics |
-Sound symbolic words, imitative of of sounds and cover a wide variety of meanings. |
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Left Brain |
-Organization and categorization of information into discrete temporal units. -Motor Control -Language related functions. |
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Right Brain |
-Capable of recognizing words. -Interpreting emotions in speech or figurative speech. -Spatial transformation of language. |
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Right Hemisphere Problems |
-Problems integrating information from separate sentences into a coherent one. -Problems detecting a change in topic. -Problems going beyond literal meaning. -Problems of intonation. |
