Psychology Exam Overchapter 1 & 2

Front 1

Define psychology

Back 1

The study of human behavior and mental processes or cognitive processes.

Front 2

Aristotle 384 - 322 BCE

Back 2

The first Western thinker to study psychology combining topics of philosophy with empirical observation.

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Physiology

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A branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms including humans

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Damage to one side of the brain causes what?

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Loss of function in the opposite side of the body.

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Philosophy

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The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, & existence

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Wilhelm Wundt

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The founder of psychology who used scientific methods to study fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction time & response to visual or auditory stimuli

Hint 6

How long it take a person to consciously detect The Sight & Sound of a bell being struck.

Front 7

William James

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Developed functionalism which stressed studying the purpose of function, of Adaptive human mental behavior & experiences.

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Founder of structuralism

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Edward B titchener

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Founder of functionalism

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William James

Front 10

What is structuralism?

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Psychology that emphasizes studying the most basic components or structures of conscience experiences. Sensations & feelings.

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Introspection

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Used during structuralism to identify smells, touch, sights & so on.

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List 4 early American psychologist who were students of William James or Edward titchener

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G Stanley Hall

Mary Whiton Calkins

Margaret Floy Washburn

Francis C. Sumner

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G. Stanley Hall

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Founded the first psychology research laboratory of the United States at Johns Hopkins University 1883 & the president of the American Psychological Association (APA) 1892. He published the American Journal of Psychology.

Front 14

Mary Whiton Calkins

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Conducted research in dreams, memory, & personality. She established a psychology laboratory at Wellesley College teaching experimental psychology. Elected president of the APA.

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Margaret Floy Washburn

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First American woman to earn an official PhD in Psychology & was Tietchener's 1st doctoral student at Cornell University. The second woman to be elected president in the APA.

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Francis C Sumner

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The first African American to earn a PhD in Psychology (Clark University). Created a strong psychology leading the country and train African Americans psychologists at Howard University.

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Founder of psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freud.

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Psychoanalysis

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Personality theory that emphasized the role of unconscious factors in determining behavior.

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3 key figures in the development of behaviorism

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Ivan Pavlov

John B. Watson

B. F. Skinner

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Behaviorism

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The study of observable behaviors especially when pertaining to the process of learning, claiming that Consciousness is not that a definite no or a usable concept.

Front 21

Identify two Advocates of humanistic psychology

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Carl Rogers

Abraham Maslow

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humanistic psychology

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Emphasize the importance of each person's unique self-determination, creativity, & human potential for psychological growth & self Direction

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Major perspectives in psychology

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Biological

Psychodynamic

Behavioral

Humanistic

Positive Psychology

Alternative

Cross Cultural

Evolutionary

Front 24

Biological perspective

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Emphasizes studying the physical basis of human and animal behavior, including nervous, endocrine, immune, & genetics. (Neuroscience)

Hint 24

PET, MRI, & FMRI

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Psychodynamic perspective

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Emphasize the importance of the unconscious influences, early life experiences, & interpersonal relationships in explaining the underlying Dynamic of behavior or in treating people with psychological problems.

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Behavioral perspective

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How behavior is acquired or Modified by environmental causes.

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Humanistic perspective

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Focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically, the influence of interpersonal relationships on a person's self concept & of choice & self-direction and striving to reach one's potential.

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Positive psychology perspective

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The study of positive emotions j psychological States, positive individual traits, & the social institutions that Foster positive individuals & communities.

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Cognitive perspective

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The appointment role of mental processes in how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, & think.

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Cross-cultural perspective

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Nature, environment, family values, & benefits

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Evolutionary perspective

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The application of principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes and phenomena.

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Cross-cultural psychology

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Studies the effect of culture on behavior and mental processes

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Individualistic cultures

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Emphasize the needs & goals of the individual over the needs & goals of the group.

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Collectivistic cultures

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Emphasize the needs & goals of the group over the needs & goals of the individual.

Front 35

Explain the basic assumptions of the evolutionary perspective

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Mental capabilities evolved over millions of years to serve particular adaptive purposes.

Front 36

List four goals of psychology

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Describe, explain, predict and control