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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is development of personality?
Developing as a person involves developing ways of thinking, feeling & behaving
What are the Big 5 clusters?
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientious
Openess
Neurotism
What are the traits of Extraversion?
talkative
affectionate
sociable
fun-loving
What are the traits of Agreeableness?
sympathetic
trusting
warm
cooperative
What are the traits of Conscientiousness?
dependable
ethical
purposeful
productive
What are the traits of Openess?
daring
imaginative
non-conforming
broad interests
What are the traits of Neurotism?
anxious
insecure
guilt-prone
self-conscious
What are the opposite clusters?
Extraversion-Introversion
Agreeableness-Disagreeableness
Conscientiousness-Impulsiveness
Neurotism-Stability
Openess-Closedness
What are ways to measure personality?
Self Report Inventories
Projective Personality Test
Projective Test II
Social Cognitive Perspective
"Middle Ground" view of personality btwn. psychodynamic and humanistic. Acknowledges the role of the enviornment & interpretaions in development of personality.
locus of control
The amount of control ppl. feel he has over the environment
self-efficacy
The beliefs that we hold about our own ability to perform a task
conformity
The tendency for ppl. to bring their behavior in line w/group norms
Obedience
compliance that occurs when ppl. respond to the orders of authority figures
self-fulfilling prophecy effect
How we expect ppl. to act determines how we act toward them; how we act determines how they act
cognitive dissonance
Conflict btwn. attitude & behavior
fundamental attribution error
When making attributions about other people’s behaviors, ppl. tend to overemphasize the role of personal factors & underestimate the role of the situation.
criteria for a psychological disorder?
1. Statistical Abnormality (Bell Curve) 2. Dysfunctional Behavior 3. Distressing or bothersome to the person
types of psychological disorders
1. Anxiety Disorders 2. Dissociative Disorders 3. Mood Disorders 4. Schizophrenia
learned helplessness
A learned expectation that ppl. can’t control: important life outcomes resulting in apathy and depression
Aversion therapy
good associations replaced w/bad associations ex. Certain medications that cause illness when paired w/alcohol or nicotine.
Cognitive therapy
getting the client to change their behavior by changing conscious thought patterns.
Informational influence
leads ppl. to conform b/c they assume that the majority is correct
Normative influence
ppl. conform b/c they fear the social rejection
Schizophrenia
Disturbances in thought processes lead to experience a world that doesn't resemble reality
Systematic Desensitization
work step-by-step to rid the negative association. Bad associations replaced w/good associations
Dysthymic disorder
depressive symptoms are less severe & less disruptive but are more chronic (over yrs.)
Mania
ppl. experience feelings of euphoria, energy, invincibility, sociability & demonstrates risk-taking beahvior. (often develop delusions & take risks w/money or their life)
Bipolar
Alternates btwn. depression and manic state.
OCD
Axiety disorder that develops "worry" into persisten thoughts(obsessions) or a compelling need to repeatedly perform actions (cumpulsions)
fugue state
form of amnesia in which a person "forgets" his identity, wanders from home, & starts a new life
delusions
false beliefs
hallucinations
sensory experiences that occur w/o actual stimulation
comorbidity
ppl. diagnosed w/1 mental disorder exhibit symptoms of other disorders
What causes OCD?
Frued: symbolic of the repressed desire or unresolved conflict
Skinner: persist b/c of operant conditioning
biological: unusual brain activity in areas that support habitual behavior
Symptoms of depression
sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, inability to concentrate, changes in weight or sleeping habits
Dissociative disorder
ppl. lose touch w/past or present identity; more severe than axiety disorder
Dissociative amnesia
suffers an inability to remember personal experiences: phychological NOT physiological
Paranoid Personality Disorder
marked distrust of others; including the belief, w/o reason, that others are exploiting, harming or trying the deceive them
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Lack of regard for the moral or legal standards in the local culture
Dependent Personality Disorder
Excessive & persistent need to be taken care of by others
Social Learning Theory
Personality develops from outside; personality characteristics not formed during internal & unconscious conflicts...rather, they are learned
Freudian Theory
personality develops from inside
Freudian Therapy (Psycholanalysis)
Getting the client to change their behavior patterns by coming to term w/unconscious desires ex. free association and dream analysis