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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is development of personality?
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Developing as a person involves developing ways of thinking, feeling & behaving
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What are the Big 5 clusters?
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Extraversion
Agreeableness Conscientious Openess Neurotism |
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What are the traits of Extraversion?
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talkative
affectionate sociable fun-loving |
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What are the traits of Agreeableness?
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sympathetic
trusting warm cooperative |
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What are the traits of Conscientiousness?
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dependable
ethical purposeful productive |
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What are the traits of Openess?
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daring
imaginative non-conforming broad interests |
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What are the traits of Neurotism?
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anxious
insecure guilt-prone self-conscious |
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What are the opposite clusters?
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Extraversion-Introversion
Agreeableness-Disagreeableness Conscientiousness-Impulsiveness Neurotism-Stability Openess-Closedness |
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What are ways to measure personality?
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Self Report Inventories
Projective Personality Test Projective Test II |
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Social Cognitive Perspective
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"Middle Ground" view of personality btwn. psychodynamic and humanistic. Acknowledges the role of the enviornment & interpretaions in development of personality.
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locus of control
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The amount of control ppl. feel he has over the environment
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self-efficacy
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The beliefs that we hold about our own ability to perform a task
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conformity
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The tendency for ppl. to bring their behavior in line w/group norms
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Obedience
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compliance that occurs when ppl. respond to the orders of authority figures
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self-fulfilling prophecy effect
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How we expect ppl. to act determines how we act toward them; how we act determines how they act
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cognitive dissonance
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Conflict btwn. attitude & behavior
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fundamental attribution error
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When making attributions about other people’s behaviors, ppl. tend to overemphasize the role of personal factors & underestimate the role of the situation.
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criteria for a psychological disorder?
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1. Statistical Abnormality (Bell Curve) 2. Dysfunctional Behavior 3. Distressing or bothersome to the person
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types of psychological disorders
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1. Anxiety Disorders 2. Dissociative Disorders 3. Mood Disorders 4. Schizophrenia
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learned helplessness
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A learned expectation that ppl. can’t control: important life outcomes resulting in apathy and depression
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Aversion therapy
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good associations replaced w/bad associations ex. Certain medications that cause illness when paired w/alcohol or nicotine.
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Cognitive therapy
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getting the client to change their behavior by changing conscious thought patterns.
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Informational influence
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leads ppl. to conform b/c they assume that the majority is correct
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Normative influence
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ppl. conform b/c they fear the social rejection
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Schizophrenia
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Disturbances in thought processes lead to experience a world that doesn't resemble reality
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Systematic Desensitization
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work step-by-step to rid the negative association. Bad associations replaced w/good associations
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Dysthymic disorder
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depressive symptoms are less severe & less disruptive but are more chronic (over yrs.)
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Mania
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ppl. experience feelings of euphoria, energy, invincibility, sociability & demonstrates risk-taking beahvior. (often develop delusions & take risks w/money or their life)
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Bipolar
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Alternates btwn. depression and manic state.
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OCD
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Axiety disorder that develops "worry" into persisten thoughts(obsessions) or a compelling need to repeatedly perform actions (cumpulsions)
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fugue state
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form of amnesia in which a person "forgets" his identity, wanders from home, & starts a new life
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delusions
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false beliefs
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hallucinations
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sensory experiences that occur w/o actual stimulation
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comorbidity
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ppl. diagnosed w/1 mental disorder exhibit symptoms of other disorders
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What causes OCD?
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Frued: symbolic of the repressed desire or unresolved conflict
Skinner: persist b/c of operant conditioning biological: unusual brain activity in areas that support habitual behavior |
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Symptoms of depression
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sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, inability to concentrate, changes in weight or sleeping habits
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Dissociative disorder
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ppl. lose touch w/past or present identity; more severe than axiety disorder
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Dissociative amnesia
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suffers an inability to remember personal experiences: phychological NOT physiological
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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marked distrust of others; including the belief, w/o reason, that others are exploiting, harming or trying the deceive them
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Lack of regard for the moral or legal standards in the local culture
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Dependent Personality Disorder
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Excessive & persistent need to be taken care of by others
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Social Learning Theory
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Personality develops from outside; personality characteristics not formed during internal & unconscious conflicts...rather, they are learned
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Freudian Theory
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personality develops from inside
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Freudian Therapy (Psycholanalysis)
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Getting the client to change their behavior patterns by coming to term w/unconscious desires ex. free association and dream analysis
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