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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cognition
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the way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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organizations of information
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-concepts -category -objects |
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concepts
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-categorical abstraction ex) dogs |
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category
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-groups of objects that are similar enough to be grouped ex) domesticated dogs |
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objects
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-what items really are ex) my dog rufus |
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categorical hierarchies
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-concepts organized based on prototypical concept ~prototype= best example of concept in that category -goal of hierarchy is to recognize some aspects of the category ~if shown example of category +more similar example is to your prototype-> the faster you will recognize the category |
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algorithms vs. heuristics
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-though algorithms are gauranteed to provide an answer, they are laborious -generally, heuristics will be used ~more likely to result in erroneous judgement |
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insight
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discovery of a solution independent of another problem solving strategy
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obstacles
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-conformation bias -fixation |
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conformation bias
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--our inability to re-conceptualize a problem once we have created a mental representation of the problem -functional fixedness ex) string, thumb tacks, box of matches, and a candle- figure out a way to use the objects given in order to have the candle up hanging or attached to the way that also allows it to burn thorugh the entire wick |
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representativeness heuristic
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judging the liklihood of an event or occurence on how well it matches some prototype ex) strong black male- more likely to be in a gang or not? answer is no but because it meets our protopye we assume BETTER KNOW |
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availability heuristic
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-estimating the likelihood of an event on the basis of its availabilty in our memory ex) welfare recipients- lazy, dont look for work, have lots of kids just to get money; in reality most are on it for less than six months, they get back on their feet and start providing BETTER KNOW |
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framing effects
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-the phrasing of questions and statements ~has large effect on judgements ex) condoms with a 95% success rate vs a 5% failure rate |
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automatic processes
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-processing conducted without attentional resources being allocated to the task ~occurs after prolonged practice ex) walking, driving, scootering |
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controlled processes
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-processing activity requires attentional resources for task ~not enough practice with task |
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intelligence
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-all purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, solve problems, and to learn from experiences -conceptualize differently in different environment cultures |
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general intelligence (g)
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-a general factor that underlies more specific mental abilities ~some argue that focusing on more specific abilities is simply tapping into g over and over ~others suggest it is a general problem solving capacity -single most predictive factor in job success |
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binets intelligence test
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-created mental ages
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termans Stanford-binet EUGENICS |
good genes ex) cali takes thousands of people under the 2% and sterilized them to promote good genes |
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the intelligence quotient
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-(mental age/chronological age) x 100 -has been replaced by comparison to actual scores by those in one's age group |
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aptitude vs. achievement tests
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-aptitude should predict future potential -achievement should measure learning |
