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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of Psychology? |
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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What is the definition of critical thinking? |
The process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information |
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What is the difference between pseudopsychologies and psychology? |
Pseudopsychology is based on common beliefs, folk wisdom, or superstitions whereas psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes. |
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Who is the "father of psychology"? |
Wilhelm Wundt |
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Where and when was the first psychological laboratory created? |
1879 in Leipzig, Germany |
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Who brought the idea of psychology to the United States? |
Edward Titchener |
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Who founded psychoanalytic perspective? |
Sigmund Frued |
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Which perspective emphasizes unconscious dynamic, motives, conflicts, and past experiences? |
Psychodynamic |
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Which perspective emphasizes objective, observable, environmental influences on overt behavior; stimulus--response relationships and consequences for behavior? |
behavioral |
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Which perspective emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking? |
Humanistic |
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Which perspective emphasizes thinking, perceiving, problem solving, memory, language, and information processing? |
Cognitive |
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Which perspective emphasizes genetic and biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system? |
Biological |
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Which perspective emphasizes natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes? |
Evolutionary |
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Which perspective emphasizes social interaction and the cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes? |
Sociocultural |
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What is the four main goals of psychology? |
1. Description 2. Explaination 3. Prediction 4. Change |
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Which fields make up the largest speciality area in psychology? |
Clinical and counseling psychology |
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What are other tops careers in psychology? |
Management and administration, sales, social work, labor-relations, and real estate or insurance. |
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How would you define basic research to applied research? |
Basic research is simply to advance ones scientific knowledge where applied is to help solve real world problems. |
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What is the advantages of use Experiment as a research method? |
Researchers have a percise control over variables and they can identify cause and effect |
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What are the disadvantages to using Experiment as a research method? |
Ethical concerns or biased, practical limitations, uncontrolled variables, and artifical lab conditions |
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What is an experiment? |
Manipulation of a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observed changes in a second variable |
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Which variable is free but is looking to impact another variable? |
Independent |
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Which variable depends on manipulation? |
Dependent |
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Which is another variable that could influence the dependent variable? |
Extraneous |
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What is correlational research? |
research that measures the degree of relationship between two or more variables in order to determine how well one variable predicts another |
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What is a positive correlational? |
a correlation in which higher levels of one variable co-occur with higher levels of the other variable |
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What is a negative correlational? |
A correlation in which higher levels of one variable co-occur with lower levels of the other variable |
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What is natural selection? |
when a particular genetic trait gives an organism a reproductive advantage over others |
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What is a gene? |
A segment of DNA that occupies a specific place on a particular chromosome and carries the code for hereditary transmission |
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What is heritability? |
a statistical formula that provides a percentage of variation in a population attributable to genetic factors rather than to differences in the enviroment. |
