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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biological perspective of psychology
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Understand the mind and behavior through biological processes in the brain.
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Who was Phineas Gage?
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A man who lived during the 1840s, had a rod stuck through his skull. His personality became really rude, etc. Showed the localization of different functions of the brain.
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Psychodynamic perspective.
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Relates to Freud. Conscious and unconscious forces determine behavior. Behavior as an interplay between thoughts and feelings. Mental processes can conflict. We all have repressed and acknowledged thoughts.
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Behaviorist perspective
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-the environmental impact on a person's actions
-observe behavioral responses |
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classical conditioning
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Pavlov's dog theory; relates to the behaviorist perspective
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operant conditioning
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rewarding good behavior, punishing bad behavior (relates to the behaviorist perspective)
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social learning theory
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observational learning; Bobo doll theory/study--kids show acts of aggression after seeing model act aggressively
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Cognitive perspective
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mental processes involved in knowing
-focus on storage and retrieval of info -mind is like a computer |
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evolutionary perspective
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-adaptive behavioral traits selected to ensure our survival
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humanistic perspective
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-rejects psychoanalysis as too pessimistic
-stresses free will, believes human condition is by definition set to achieve your own human potential -against the behaviorist perspective |
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feminist perspective
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-stresses gender and behavior of the sexes
-psychology historically white male dominated -focuses on women's issues |
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sociocultural perspective
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-identify social rules, roles and influences of groups on behavior
-explore the impact of cultural norms and values on behavior (China one Child policy) |
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Gestalt perspective
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-looks at the elements of experience organized as a whole
-whole as greater than the sum of the parts--circle drawing -looks at the construct of insight -"aha" moments of experience--car/talk radio story |
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Positive psychology
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-newer field
-focus on the adaptive, creative, and positive aspects of the human experience -look at subjective experiences of positive emotions: contentment, happiness, optimism -identify positive traits such as kindness, caring, resilience -explore social elements of adaptive and positive functioning: families, communities, work environments... |
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How many areas of psychological research study are there?
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Seven
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Developmental psychology
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Change and growth over the lifespan
-development of self-awareness (i.E. rouge test) |
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social psych
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-individual and group behaviors and responses across situations
-i.E. hat in elevator, looking up situation |
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experimental psych
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-conduct lab studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation, etc.
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physiological psych
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genetic influences on behavior
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cognitive psych
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explores higher level mental processes
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personality psych
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define, describe, and measure the stability of behaviors and personality traits over time
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psychometric psych
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looks at the measurement of behavior through the development of psychological tests
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Organizing Theme for Psychology #1
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Empirical- observe and test ideas, get knowledge through observation
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Organizing theme for psych 2
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theoretically diverse--many explanations for one thing
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Organizing theme for psych 3
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sociohistorical context impacts theory and practice
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Organizing theme for psych 4
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Determined by multiple causes
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Organizing theme for psych 5
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Shaped by cultural heritage
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Organizing theme for psych 6
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Interaction of heredity and environment
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Organizing theme for psych 7
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Experiences are subjective
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