Psychology Chapters 1,2,6

Front 1

What does "mental processes" mean?

Back 1

What the brain does when a person stores, recalls,or uses information, or has specific feelings.

Front 2

What does "behavior" mean?

Back 2

The outwardly observable acts of an individual, alone or in a group.

Front 3

What are the goals of psychlogy?

Back 3

Describe, explain, predict, and control mental processes and behavior.

Front 4

What is a clinical psychologist?

Back 4

Provides psychotherapy and is trained to administer and interpret pshchological tests.

Front 5

What are the typical activities that a clinical psychologist might do?

Back 5

Meets with patients, meeting with other psychologist, supervising psychotherapists in training, going out to the community, and lecturing at schools.

Front 6

What is psychotherapy?

Back 6

Helping clients learn to change so they can cope with troublesome thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Front 7

What is a clinical neuropsychologist?

Back 7

Are clinical psychologist who work specifically with tests designed to diagnose the effects of brain damage on thoughts, feelings and behavior to indicate which part of the brain are impaired following trauma.

Front 8

What does Ph.D stand for?

Back 8

Doctor of philosophy.

Front 9

What is a counseling psychologist?

Back 9

Help people deal with issues like choosing a career, marrying, raising a family, and performing at work.

Front 10

What are academic psychologists and what do they spend their time doing?

Back 10

They are psychologists who focus on teaching and researching.

Front 11

What do applied psychologists do?

Back 11

Studies how to improve products and procedures and conducts research to help solve specific practical problems.

Front 12

What are the three most common types of psychologist?

Back 12

Clinical, generalists, and counseling.

Front 13

What are the three least common types of psychologists?

Back 13

Developmental, educational, and social.

Front 14

In 1997, what percentage of Ph.D's in psychology was earned by women?

Back 14

Two thirds.

Front 15

How is informed consent related to research ethics?

Back 15

Before agreeing to participate participants must be informed as to what they will have to do and the risk involved.

Front 16

What is an IRB and what does it do?

Back 16

Its the Institutional Review Board, they moniter all research projects considering the potential risks and benifits of each study, and decides whether the study can be performed.

Front 17

How do research ethics apply to non-human amimals?

Back 17

The animals must have proper housing and that they are not mistreated.

Front 18

What is a variable?

Back 18

An aspects of a situation that can vary, or change specifically, A characteristic of a substance, quanity, or entity that is measurable.

Front 19

What is a hypothesis?

Back 19

A tentitive idea that might explain a set of observation.

Front 20

What is an operational definition?

Back 20

A definition of a variable that specifies how it is measured or manipulated.

Front 21

What is a theory?

Back 21

An interlocking set of concepts or principles that explain a set of observations.

Front 22

What is meant by prediction?

Back 22

An expectation about specific events that should occur in particular circumstances if the theory or hypothesis is correct.

Front 23

A good theory is falsifiable, what does this mean?

Back 23

It means that the theory makes predictions that it can't "squirm" out of.

Front 24

What are three types of descriptive research?

Back 24

Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys.

Front 25

What is correlation?

Back 25

A relationship in which changes in the measurements of a variable are accompanied by changes in the measurements of another variable.

Front 26

What is an independent variablr?

Back 26

The aspect of the situation that is intentionally varied.

Front 27

What is a dependent variable?

Back 27

The aspect of the situation that is measured.

Front 28

What is a confound?

Back 28

An aspect of a situation that has become entangled with the aspects that you have chosen to vary.

Front 29

How do control groups eliminate confounds?

Back 29

A control group holds constant or controls all of the variables in the experiment.

Front 30

What does random assingment mean?

Back 30

Participants are assigned randomly, by chance.

Front 31

What is the difference between reliablility and validity?

Back 31

Reliability means consistancy and validity means that a method provides a true measure of what it is supposed to measure.

Front 32

What are response and sampling biases?

Back 32

Response bias means that people tend to respond in a particular way regardles of actual beliefs, sampling bias occurs when participants or items are nit randomly chosen.

Front 33

What is a double-blind expeiriment?

Back 33

Where the participants are blind to the predictions of the study and the experimentor is also the same.

Front 34

What are descriptive statistics?

Back 34

Are concise ways of summarizing properties of sets ofnumbers.

Front 35

What does a normal distrabution look like?

Back 35

Like a shape of a bell.

Front 36

What does standard diviation reflect?

Back 36

The average variability.

Front 37

What is percentile rank?

Back 37

The percentage of data that have values at or below a particular value.

Front 38

What are inferential statistics?

Back 38

Are the results of a test that reveal whether differences or patterns in measurements reflect true diff. or just chance.

Front 39

What is statistical significance?

Back 39

The measured relationship is not simply due to chance.

Front 40

What is meta-analysis?

Back 40

Is a technique that allows researchers to combine results from different studies.

Front 41

How do psychologists define learning?

Back 41

As a relatively long term change that results from expeirience.

Front 42

What is the simplist form of learning?

Back 42

Habituation, repeated exposure to the stimulus decreases and organisms responsiveness.