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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PSYCHOLOGY
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the science of behavior, what we do, and mental perception
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NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
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study behavior in natural environments
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SURVEYS
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questionnaires or interviews designed to test opinion
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CASE STUDY
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in-depth study of one person or a small group
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EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
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allows you to test a cause-effect relationship, how one variable changes another
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WHO FOUNDED PSYCHOLOGY AND WHEN?
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William Lundt, in the late 1800's
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC STEPS TO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
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1. develop a hypothesis
2. design a study and collect data 3. analyze data and draw conclusions using statistics 4. report your findings |
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HYPOTHESIS
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spcific question or prediction to be tested, describes the relationship between 2 or more variables
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VARIABLE
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anything that can change from one situation to another or differ from person to person
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DESCRIPTIVE METHOD
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allows you to describe and observe behavior
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
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what you put in -> cause
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DEPENDENT VARIABLE
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what you get out -> effect
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EXPERIMENTAL GROUP/CONDITION
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group exposed to the independent variable
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CONTROL GROUP/CONDITION
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group not exposed to the independent variable
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PLACEBO CONTROL GROUP
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a type of control group where subjects are exposed to a fake independent variable
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EXPECTANCY EFFECTS
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changes that occur because subjects expect them to occur (placebo effects)
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DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
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subtle cues by the researcher that influence outcome. Cues signal the expected response
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DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY
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a study in which the subject and the experior do not know which group the subject is assigned to
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CORRELATION
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how strongly 2 variables are related to one another
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POSITIVE CORRELATION
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varioables vary together - both go up or down
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NEGATIVE CORRELATION
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variables move in opposite directions
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MEMORY
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involves three mentalk processes:
1. encoding 2. storage 3. retrieval |
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ENCODING
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transform information into a form that can be entered and retained
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STORAGE
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retain information for later use
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RETRIEVAL
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recover the stored info into conscious awareness
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WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES OF MEMORY?
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1. sensory memory
2. short-term memory 3. long-term memory |
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SENSORY MEMORY
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large capacity: registers environmental info so the world appears continuous - holds up to 3 seconds - info that you pay attention to may be moved into the next stage
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SHORT-TERM MEMORY
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working memory) limited capacity
-holds new info from sensory memory and retrieves moved info from long-term memory "workbench" -holds up to 20 seconds -info that is actively being processed may be encoded for storage in LTM, the rest is displaced by new info and decays -can hold info longer if it is repeated over and over |
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MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL
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when info is repeated over and over to remember it better
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CHUNKING
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when information is grouped in sets in order to memorize it
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