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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is memory?
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the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
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What is flash bulb memory? Under what circumstances does it occur?
What incidental details does it usually include? |
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moments or event. It includes memories of incidental details
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What is narrative reconstruction?
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change the story slightly, fill in gaps, omit details
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Atkinson and shiffrin Model (1968)
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External events ->Sensory memory -> short term memory -> long term memory
Sensory motor - info may be lost Short term memory - info may be lost |
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What is sensory memory?
visual store - iconic, auditory, store - echoic) What are its duration and capacity? |
brief storage of information
Iconic - about 1 second Echoic - about 4 seconds |
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What is short-term memory (working memory)?
What are its duration and capacity? |
Activation memory that holds a few items briefly
holds a small amount of information (5 - 9 pieces of information) lasts about 20 seconds |
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What is long-term memory?
What are its duration and capacity? |
Permanent memory store
Large capacity Lasts a long time includes knowledge, skills, and experiences |
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What is rehearsal?
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Repeating the items
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What is automatic and effortful processing?
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Automatic processing - unconscious processing of incidental information
Effortful processing - encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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Herman Ebbinghaus's research:
who was his subject? |
Himself
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What are nonsense syllables?
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Series of letters that doesn't logically make sense
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What is the method of savings?
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amount of time was less or repetitions few to relearn a list of items
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What is chunking?
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unit of information
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What is the serial position effect?
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Tendency to recall best the last items (Recency effect) and first items (primacy effect) in a list
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What is primacy effect?
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recalling the first item in a list
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Recency effect
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Remembering the last items
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Encoding: Meaning
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level of processing
Best remembered is by meaning |
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Encoding: Imagery
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tend to remember concrete words more than abstract words
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Encoding: organization of memory
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organizing the memory using methods such as chunking.
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What is long-term potentiation?
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an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation
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To LTP, what is the relation of stress, hormones, and memory?
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within limits, more stress or stress hormones, the better the memory
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What's implicit memory?
What's explicit memory? What's the difference? |
Implicit - retention without conscious recollection
Explicit - memory of facts and experiences that can be consciously remembered Implicit just comes and explicit comes with trying |
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3 tests of memory:
Recall Recognition Relearning |
Recall - retrieve information not presently in awareness
Recognition - identify items previously learned Relearning - amount of time less or repetitions fewer saved when relearning items |
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Memory cues:
Priming Context effects State Dependent Learning |
Priming - activation of paricular associations in memory
Context effects: better recall if return to the context where something was learned State dependent learning - slightly better recall when in the same state of consciouss as when the information was learned |
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What is maintenance rehearsal?
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Repetition of information
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What is elaborative rehearsal?
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Tying new information to old memories
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What is proactive interference?
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Distributive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
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What is retroactive interference?
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disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
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