Psychology Chapter 8 Child Development

Front 1

What is developmental psychology?

Back 1

the study of how humans grow, develop, and change throughout the life span.

Front 2

What is a cross sectional study?

Back 2

A type of developmental study in which researchers compare groups of participants of different ages on various characteristics to determine age related differences.

Front 3

What is a longitudinal study?

Back 3

A type of developmental study in which the same group of participants is followed and measured at diffrent ages.

Front 4

What is a zygote?

Back 4

single cell that forms when a sperm and egg unite.

Front 5

What is the germinal stage?

Back 5

The first stage of pregnancy from 0-2 weeks.

Front 6

What is the embryonic stage?

Back 6

the second stage from 3-8 weeks gestation. Also the stage that the formation of major systems, organs ect occurs.

Front 7

What is the fetal stage?

Back 7

the stage from 8 weeks to birth where further sophistication and development of the major systems and organs occur.

Front 8

What are teratogens?

Back 8

viruses and other harmfull agents that can have a negitive impact on prenatal development.

Front 9

What are reflexes?

Back 9

automatic responses to certain stimuli.

Front 10

What are some common reflexes?

Back 10

startle reflex (Moro)
rooting
swallowing
sucking
grabing

Front 11

What are the sensory abilities of a newborn?

Back 11

vision 60/200
hearing- much better then vision
taste- yes newborns have the ability to taste
touch- is particulary sensitive

Front 12

What is a secure attachment?

Back 12

Infant shows distress on seperation from mother and happiness when mother returns. Will use mother as a safe base for exploration of surroundings.

Front 13

What are some benifits for a child that has a secure attachment?

Back 13

Perserverance (problem solbving)
social relationships are better developed.
good acedemic performance
better self esteem

Front 14

What are three types of insecure attachment?

Back 14

resistant
avoident
disorganised

Front 15

Describe a child whom displays avoident attachment.

Back 15

The infant or child does not show any distress when the mother leaves and is indfferent when the mother returns.

Front 16

Describe a child whom displays a resistant attachement.

Back 16

THe child clings to the mother before she leaves and shows anger when the mother returns. Usually pushes the mother away, will not explore while the mother is present and is difficult to comfort when is upset.

Front 17

Describe a child with a disorganised attachement.

Back 17

Child may show distress when mother leaves and alternates between happiness and indifference and anger when the mother returns. Will ofeten look away from the mother or look at her with an expressionless face.

Front 18

What are the diffrences in nature and nurture.

Back 18

nature is built in
nurture is external forces.

Front 19

What is the main difference between gene and chromosome?

Back 19

A gene is ON the chromosome.

Front 20

what is habituation.

Back 20

A decrese in response or attention to a stimuli as the infant becomes accustomed to it.

Front 21

Whom is accredited with the theroy of cognitive development of young children.

Back 21

Jean Piaget

Front 22

What is equilibration?

Back 22

A process whereby cognitive scheemes are adjusted to fit with real life experiences.

Front 23

What is assimilation?

Back 23

adding new information to an existing scheme.

Front 24

What is accomodation?

Back 24

adding a new version of a scheme.

Front 25

what is the sensorimotor stage?

Back 25

Birth to 2 years
object permanence is the major achievement.

Front 26

What is object permanence?

Back 26

the realization that an object will continue to exist even if one can not see it.

Front 27

What is the preoperational stage?

Back 27

Ages 2-6
uses animistic thinking
(the belief that inanimate objects are alive)
Uses centration of thought- the tendency to focus on only one dimension of a stimulus.

Front 28

What is the concreate operations stage?

Back 28

Ages 6-11 or 12
A childs cognitive operations are teastable in real life
understands reversibility- the fact that when only the appearance of a substance has been changed it can be returned to its original state.

Front 29

What is the formal operations stage?

Back 29

11 or 12 and beyond
abstract reasoning/hypothetical
uses Naive Idealism- a type of thinking teenagers use that is idealistic and naive for example the elaborate plans to end world hunger or total disarmanent.
adolesent egocentrism
imaginary audience
personal fable

Front 30

who is accreditited for the sociocultural theory and information processing approach.

Back 30

Lev vygotsky

Front 31

describe authoritarian parenting.

Back 31

punishment without reason, consistency and is unusually harsh. the because i said so thinking

Front 32

Describe authoritative parenting.

Back 32

Expect reasonable performance, gives explanations for rules, consistent discipline.
(best form of parenting)

Front 33

Describe permissive parenting.

Back 33

Makes a few rules or demands. Usually does not enforce those that are made. Allows children to make their own decisions and control their behaviors. the Frends not parents approach.

Front 34

Describe neglecting parenting.

Back 34

permissive and not involved with childs life.

Front 35

What are some dangers of permissive and neglecting parenting styles?

Back 35

increased risk of becomming delinquent, of using drugs or alchohol or of engaging in sexual activity in the early teens. often immature impulsive and dependent and have less self control and be less self reliant.