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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental Psych |
study of how humans grow, develop, and change throughout the life span. |
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Piaget's Theory |
The essence of cognitive development is the refinement of schemes |
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Schemes |
plan of action to be used in a similar circumstances |
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Assimilation |
process for incorporating NEW objects into existing schemes |
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Accommodation |
modifying EXISTING schemes and creating new ones to incorporate new experiences and info |
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Sensorimotor Stage |
birth to 2 years, infants gain understanding through SENSES, (peek-a-boo!). Realization that objects continue to exist |
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Pre operational Stage |
ages 2-7 Acquire symbolic functions understanding that one thing can stand for another Children exhibit egocentrism. |
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Concrete Operational Stage |
7-12 years acquire the concept of conservation begin to understand reversibility 5+9=9+5 |
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Formal Operational Stage |
11-12 years and beyond acquire hypothetic deductive reasoning apply logical thoughts to hypothetical situation compare & contrast, future |
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Level 1 |
Pre conventional level: behavior that avoids
punishment children obey out of fear of punishment Stage 2: what is right and what benefits yourself. "you scratch my back, I scratch your back". |
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Level 2 |
Conventional Level Stage 3: child judges right and wrong according to others standards. looking to please others |
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Level 3 |
Stage 4: Maintaining Authority "What is my duty as a young person in America?" |
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Carol Biligan |
feels that Kohlberg's theory is sex-biased no women were used in his theory |
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Eriksons' Theory of Psych Development |
Psychosocial studies encompass entire life span each stage is defined by a conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality development to occur. |
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Prenatal Development and Infancy |
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Harry Harlow |
Contact comfort rather than nourishment forms from the basis of attachment in monkeys At 6-8 months infants exhibit separation anxiety fear and distress shown when parent leaves |
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Stranger Anxiety |
fear of strangers |
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Secure Attachment |
distressed by separation from caregivers. uses mother for secure base when exploring A parent-infant relationship, when the baby is secure when parent is present and distressed when separation
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Avoidant Attachment |
20% of infants not caring if mother leaves the room, little effort to seek contact treats stranger about the same |
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Anxious/ Ambivalent |
resisting contact with mother protests loudly if she leaves 10-15% of infants seek close contact, may display anger |
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Disorganizer/Disoriented Attachment |
5-10% of infants protest separation exhibit contradictory and disoriented behavior |
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Authoritative Parents |
Set high but realistic standards, enforce limits
encourage open communication and independence |
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Authoritarian Parents |
arbitrary rules, expect obedience value obedience to authority |
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Permissive Parents |
few rules or demands children make their own decisions and control their own behavior |
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Child Outcomes |
Authoritative: tend to be happier, higher self esteem, responsible, more self reliant. Authoritarian: withdrawn, anxious, unhappy Permissive Parents: immature, impulsive, dependent |
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Agents that comes from Placenta |
German Measles, X-Rays, STD's, Cigarette smoke, alcohol, drugs, FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME |
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Biological Theory |
Prenatal and sex hormones influence development |
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Social Learning Theory |
Environment is more important that bio factors modelling and reinforcement for gender behavior |
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Temperament |
how a person responds to things said to them is there at birth outcome |
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Cognitive Developmental Theory |
Development in stages gender, identity, gender stability, gender consistency |
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Gender-Schema Theory |
desire to maintain self esteem directs child towards culturally defined gender roles |
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Adolescence |
Puberty and Sexual behavior Puberty: period of epic physical growth and change culminated ins sexual maturity able to produce |
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Early maturation in Boys |
more success academically greater aggression and hostility |
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Early maturation in Girls |
more self conscious over developing body earlier sexual experiences, unwanted pregnancies earlier exposure to alcohol and drug use |
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Social Development |
most adolescents have good relationships w/parents is important for psychological development |
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Parenting Style affects adolescent behavior |
Authoritative: most affective Permissive: least affective |
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Peer Groups |
Assistance in identity formation standards of comparison vehicle for developing social skills |
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Emerging Adulthood |
Late teens to early 20's explore options prior to committing to adult roles develop new skills in work |
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Neuroimaging Studies |
the parts of the brain involved in decision making, self control |
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Emerging Adulthood |
most address developmental takes in 5 domains |
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Early and Middle Adulthood |
after age 30, slight decline in physical capabilities Presbyopia |
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Menopause |
ending of menstruation signifies the end of reproductive capacity in women occurs between 45-55 |
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Gradual decline in Testosterone |
beginning at age 20, continuing to about 60 |
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Crystallized Intelligence |
verbal ability and accumulated knowledge increases over life span |
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Fluid Intelligence |
abstract reasoning and mental flexibility peaks in the early 20s and declines slowly as people age |
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Social Development |
living arrangements 1/2 of all us households are headed by married couples |
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Marriage and Divorce |
80% of americans will marry at least once marriage is associated with many physical and psychological benefits. |
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Parenthood |
As with the increased age at which people get married, a growing numbers of couples are delaying parenthood until their 30s |
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Careers |
Job satisfaction predicts satisfaction with romantic relationships importance of career shared by both men and women |
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80% of americans have older than 65 have 1 more or more chronic conditions |
hypertension, arthritis |
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Good cognitive functioning predictors |
education level, complex work environment, a long marriage to intelligent spouse, higher income |
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Loss of Spouse |
most stressful event of a lifetime supposed immune functioning in grieving spouse |
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Elizabeth Kübler- Ross |
Denial AngerBargaining Depression Acceptance
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