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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thinking |
Process of mentally representing and processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols) |
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Image |
Most often a mental representation that has picture like qualities |
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Concept |
Generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events |
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Language |
Words or symbols and rules for combining them that are used for thinking and communication |
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Synesthesia |
Experiencing one sense in terms normally associated with another sense ( seeing colors when a sound is heard) |
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Nature of mental images |
Decision making, problem solving, change feelings, improve skill, aid memory |
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Concept formation |
Process of classifying information into meaningful categories |
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Relational concept |
Concept defined by the relationship between features of an object or between an object and it's surroundings (greater than) |
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Conjunctive concept |
Class of objects that have two or more features in common ( red and blue) |
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Disjunctive concepts |
Concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features (blue or red) |
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Prototype |
Ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept |
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Denotative meaning |
Exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept; objective meaning |
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Connotative meaning |
Subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word or concept ( determined vs hardheaded, remind vs nag, overweight vs fat) - all mean same thing |
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Mechanical solution |
Problem solution achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules |
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Understanding |
Deeper comprehension of the nature of a problem |
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Heuristic |
Any strategy or technique that aids problem solving especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried |
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Insight |
Sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious |
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Fixation |
Tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives |
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Functional fixedness |
Rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects |
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Brainstorming |
Method of creative thinking that separates the production and evaluation of ideas |
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Algorithm |
Learned set of rules that always leads to the correct solution of a problem |
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Language |
Gesture ( sign language) and bilingual ( two languages) |
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Animal language |
Kanzis lexigrams ( ape that knows short sentences), chaser (dog that knows 1000 words) |
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Semantics |
Study of meaning in words and language |
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Linguistic relativity hypothesis |
Idea that the words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well |
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Faulty concepts |
Stereotyping, all or nothing thinking |
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Emotional barriers |
Fear of making a mistake or fool of one's self |
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Cultural barriers |
Values that people hold that are always right ( only children can play) |
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Learned barriers |
Conventions about uses, meanings, possibilities, taboos |
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Perceptual barriers |
Habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem |
