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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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memory |
mental capacity to store and later recall or recognize events that were previously experienced |
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iconic memory |
sensory memory involving visual stimuli; lasts about .5 seconds; shortest of memory systems |
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echoic memory |
sensory memory involving auditory stimuli; lasts about 2-3 seconds; second shortest of memory systems |
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short term memory |
working memory; lasts up to 20 seconds; limited storage |
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serial position effect |
first and last elements in a series are the first ones to be recalled |
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memory decay |
a forgetting process |
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chunking |
dividing material into meaningful units; typical capacity is 7 +/- 2 chunks |
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long term memory |
unlimited storage; material can remain for a lifetime |
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maintenance rehearsal |
frequent repetition of material |
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mnemonic systems |
uses previously stored info from ltm to make memorization easier |
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episodic memory |
autobiographical; provides us with a record of life experiences |
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semantic memory |
contains conceptual info; material stored according to meaning |
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explicit memory |
memory of which we are aware and we must retrieve with conscious effort |
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implicit memory |
automatic memory; doesnt require deliberate effort |
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depression |
distort childhood memories |
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decay |
weakening of memory trace |
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proactive inhibition |
old learning interferes with new learning; physical endeavors |
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retroactive inhibition |
new learning interferes with old learning; cognitive endeavors |
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context dependent learning |
recall is partially dependent on environment in which material is learned; where youre able to recal something is where you should learn it |
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state dependent learning |
recall is partially dependent on ones physiological state when the material is learned; how you feel when you learn something is how you should feel when you recall it |
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levels of processing model |
levels of processing info; better retention linked to greater effort |
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method of loci |
use of familiar locations as cues to recall items that have been associated with them |
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flashbulb memory |
very detailed memory of an arousing, surprising, or emotional situation (episodic memory) |
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anterograde amnesia |
inability to store new memories after a tragic event; hippocampus involved in storing new memories |
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retrograde amnesia |
loss of memories stored before a traumatic event; consolidation hypothesis says that memories interfered with before they are consolidated wont be stored |
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nonsense syllables |
stimuli used to study a memory; consonant vowel consonant; because they have no meaning, able to study how associations are formed without other factors |
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cognitive psychology |
study of higher mental processes such as thinking, knowing, and deciding |
