Psychology Chapter 6

Front 1

Threshold

Back 1

refers to a point which a stimulus is perceived and below which it is not perceived. The threshold determines when we first become aware of a stimulus.

Front 2

Gustav Fechner

Back 2

defined the absolute threshold as the smallest amount of stimulus energy (such as sound or light) that ca be observed or experienced

Front 3

Absolute Threshold

Back 3

is the intensity level of a stimulus such that a person will have a 50% chance of detecting it.

Front 4

Subliminal Stimulus

Back 4

Has an intensity that gives a person less then a 50% chance of detecting the stimulus.

Front 5

Accuracy problems

Back 5

The biggest problem is the lack of expertise among radiologist who read the mammograms.

Front 6

Mammogram

Back 6

testing for breast cancer is a practical example of finding way to lower the threshold for detecting cancerous tumors and thus save patients’lives

Front 7

JND

Back 7

A noticeable difference, or a JnD refers to the smallest increase or decrease in the intensity of a stimulus that a person is able to detect.

Front 8

Weber’s law

Back 8

states that the increase in intensity of a stimulus needed to produce a just noticeable difference grows in proportion to the intensity of the initial stimulus

Front 9

Sensations

Back 9

our first awareness of some outside stimulus. An outside stimulus activates sensory receptors, which in turn produce electrical signals that are transformed by the brain into meaningless bit of info.

Front 10

Perceptions

Back 10

is the experience we have after our brain assembles and combines thousands of individual, meaningless sensations into a meaningful pattern or image. However ,our perceptions are rarely exact replicas of the original stimuli, Rather, our perceptions are usually canged, biased, colored. Or distorted by our unique set of experience. Thus, perceptions are our personal interpretations of the real world

Front 11

The order in which sensations into perceptions

Back 11

Stimulus, Transduction ,Brain Primary area,Brain association areas, personalized perceptions.

Front 12

Structuralism

Back 12

Believed that you add together hundreds of basic elements to form complex perceptions. They also believed that you can work backward to break down perceptions into smaller and smaller units, or elements.

Front 13

Gestalt Psychologist

Back 13

Believed that our brains follow a set of rules that specify how individual elements are to be organized into a meaningful pattern, or perceptions