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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Memory
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Ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned.
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Information-Processing Model
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Computerlike model used to describe the way humans encode, store, and retrieve information.
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Sensory Registers
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Entry points for raw information from the senses.
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Attention
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Selection of some incoming information for further processing.
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Short-term Memory (STM)
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Working memory, briefly stores and processes selected information from the sensory registers.
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Rote rehearsal
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Retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over.
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chunking
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grouping the information into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory.
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long-term memory (LTM)
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Portion of memory that is more or less permanent corresponding to everything we know.
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serial position effect
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finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning and end of the list.
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elaborative rehearsal
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Linking of new information in short-term memory to familiar material stored in long-term memory.
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schema (plural: schemata)
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Set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience.
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episodic memory
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Portion of long-term memory that stores personally experienced events.
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semantic memory
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Portion of long-term memory that stores general facts and information.
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procedural memory
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portion of long-term memory that stores information relating to skills, and other perceptual-motor tasks.
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emotional memory
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learned emotional responses to various stimuli.
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explicit memory
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memory information from that we can readily express in words and are aware of having these memories can be intentionally retrieve from memory.
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implicit memory
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memory for information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory.
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tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
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Knowing a word but not being able to immediately recall it.
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long-term potentiation (LTP)
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Long-lasting change in the structure or function of a synapse that increases the efficiency of neural transmission, and is thought to be related to how information is stored by neurons.
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decay theory
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theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting.
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retrograde annesia
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inability to recall events preceding an accident or injury but without loss of earlier memory.
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retroactive interference
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process by which new information interferes with information already in memory.
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proactive interference
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process by which information is readily in memory interferes with new information.
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mnemonics
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techniques that make material easier to remember.
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childhood amnesia
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difficulty adults have remembering experiences from their first 2 years of life.
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eidetic imagery
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ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something one has seen.
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mnemonist
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someone who highly developed memory skills.
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flashbulb memory
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vivid memory of a certain event and the incidents surrounding it even aftera long time has passed.
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