Psychology - Chapter 6

Front 1

Learning about the nervous system helps us know how messages that are sent to and from the brain cause ________

Back 1

behavior

Front 2

The nervous system controls:

Back 2

- Emotions
- Movements
- Thinking
- Behavior

Front 3

The nervous system is _____ __ ____

Back 3

never at rest

Front 4

Central Nervous System (CNS):

Back 4

- Brain
- Spinal cord

Front 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

Back 5

Nerves branching beyond the spinal cord into the body
- Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System

Front 6

Protection of brain:

Back 6

skull and layers of sheathing

Front 7

Protection of Spinal Cord:

Back 7

vertebrae

Front 8

Protection of Peripheral Nerves:

Back 8

layers of sheathing

Front 9

The long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain

Back 9

Neurons

Front 10

Basic Parts of the Neuron:

Back 10

- Dendrites
- Cell Body
- Axon
- Axon Terminals

Front 11

short, thin fibers that protrude from the cell body

Back 11

Dendrites

Front 12

Dendrites receive impulses, or messages from other _______ and send them to the cell body

Back 12

neurons

Front 13

contains the nucleus

Back 13

Cell body

Front 14

carries the impulses from the cell body toward the axon terminals

Back 14

Axon

Front 15

release neurotransmitters to stimulate dendrites of the next neuron

Back 15

Axon terminals

Front 16

the gap that exists between individual nerve cells or a junction between the neurons; less than one millionth of an inch wide

Back 16

Synapse

Front 17

the chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire

Back 17

Neurotransmitters

Front 18

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Back 18

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Front 19

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

Back 19

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Front 20

prepares the body for dealing with emergencies or strenuous activity

Back 20

Sympathetic nervous system

Front 21

works to conserve energy and enhances body’s ability to recover from strenuous activity

Back 21

Parasympathetic nervous system

Front 22

The Brain is Composed of Three Parts:

Back 22

- Hindbrain
- Midbrain
- Forebrain

Front 23

A part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic processes of life

Back 23

Hindbrain

Front 24

Hindbrain:

Back 24

- Pons
- Cerebellum
- Medulla

Front 25

A small part of the brain above the pons that arouses the brain, integrates sensory information, and relays it upward

Back 25

Midbrain

Front 26

A part of the brain that covers the brain’s central core, responsible for sensory and motor control and the processing of thinking and language. The higher thinking processes (those that make us unique) are housed here

Back 26

Forebrain

Front 27

Forebrain:

Back 27

- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Cerebral Cortex
- Cerebrum

Front 28

Regulates our emotions and motivations

Back 28

Limbic System

Front 29

Found in the core of the _________

Back 29

forebrain

Front 30

Limbic system composed of:

Back 30

hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus

Front 31

The different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided:

Back 31

- Occipital
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Frontal

Front 32

- Visual signals are processed
- damage here causes visual problems including partial or total blindness

Back 32

Occipital Lobe

Front 33

Concerned with information from the senses all over the body

Back 33

Parietal Lobe

Front 34

Concerned with hearing, memory, emotion, speaking and advance visual processing

Back 34

Temporal Lobe

Front 35

Concerned with organization, planning, creative thinking and working memory (events that happened very recently)

Back 35

Frontal Lobe

Front 36

TOPIC

Back 36

Left and Right Hemisphere

Front 37

Left and right sides __________ each other

Back 37

complement

Front 38

Roughly ______ ______ of each other

Back 38

mirror images

Front 39

______ ________ carries messages back and forth between two hemispheres to jointly control human functions

Back 39

Corpus callosum

Front 40

Each hemisphere connected to one half of the body in a _____-_____ fashion

Back 40

criss-cross

Front 41

Left Hemisphere:

Back 41

- Verbal
- Mathematical
- Analytical

Front 42

Right Hemisphere:

Back 42

- Nonverbal
- Spatial
- Holistic

Front 43

speaking, understanding language, reading, writing

Back 43

Verbal

Front 44

analyzing separate pieces that make up a whole

Back 44

Analytical

Front 45

understanding simple sentences & words

Back 45

Nonverbal

Front 46

solving spatial problems such as geometry, enjoying
art

Back 46

Spatial

Front 47

combining parts that make up a whole

Back 47

Holistic

Front 48

TOPIC

Back 48

Split Brain Operations

Front 49

Corpus callosum is severed so no _____________ between hemispheres

Back 49

communication

Front 50

Lessons number and severity of grand mal ________

Back 50

seizures

Front 51

Intelligence, personality, and emotions remain practically _________

Back 51

unchanged

Front 52

Changes in ______________

Back 52

verbalization

Front 53

How Psychologists Study the Brain:

Back 53

- Recordings
􀂄- EEG
- Stimulating
- Lesions
- Accidents
- Images
􀂄- CT scan
􀂄 - PET scan
􀂄 - MRI

Front 54

90% of _______ are the result of narrowed arteries to the brain or blocked arteries causing severely reduced blood flow depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. Cells begin to die within minutes

Back 54

strokes

Front 55

___________ _______ occur when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures (high blood pressure, weak spots in vessel walls)

Back 55

Hemorrhagic strokes

Front 56

Types of Dementia include:

Back 56

- Alzheimer’s disease
- Lewy body dementia
- Vascular dementia
- Pick’s disease
- Reversible dementia

Front 57

Damage to the brain as the result of injury

Back 57

Traumatic Brain Injury

Front 58

The second communication system for sending information to and from the brain is the _________ ______

Back 58

endocrine system

Front 59

In charge of body processes that happen slowly, such as ____ ______

Back 59

cell growth

Front 60

Works together with _______ ______ to help body function properly

Back 60

nervous system

Front 61

It is a chemical communication system, using ________, by which messages are sent through the ___________

Back 61

hormones; bloodstream

Front 62

The foundations of the endocrine system are the ________ and ______

Back 62

hormones and glands

Front 63

The Endocrine System is Instrumental in:

Back 63

- Regulating mood
- Growth and development
- Tissue function
- Metabolism
- Sexual function and reproductive processes

Front 64

Chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood

Back 64

Hormones

Front 65

The hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of _____ to another

Back 65

cells

Front 66

Hormone levels can be influenced by factors such as:

Back 66

- Stress
- Infection
- Changes in balance of fluid & minerals in blood

Front 67

The Endocrine Glands:

Back 67

- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Adrenal Glands
- Sex Glands
- Pancreas

Front 68

the center of control of the endocrine system

Back 68

Pituitary Gland

Front 69

secretes a large number of ________ many of which control the output of hormones by other endocrine glands

Back 69

hormones

Front 70

directed by the ___________ (midbrain)

Back 70

hypothalamus

Front 71

involved in regulating and storing ________

Back 71

nutrients

Front 72

Produces the hormone thyroxine that stimulates chemical reactions that are important to all tissues of the body

Back 72

Thyroid Gland

Front 73

too little thyroxine makes people feel lazy and lethargic

Back 73

Hypothyroidism

Front 74

too much thyroxine may cause people to lose weight and sleep and to be overactive

Back 74

Hyperthyroidism

Front 75

Triangular gland found on top of each kidney

Back 75

Adrenal Glands

Front 76

Consists of two parts:

Back 76

- Adrenal cortex
- Adrenal medulla

Front 77

produce the male sex hormone testosterone (found in both sexes); important in the physical development of males in the prenatal period and in adolescence

Back 77

Testes

Front 78

produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone (found in both sexes); important in the development of female sex characteristics & regulation of reproductive cycle

Back 78

Ovaries

Front 79

Produces insulin and glucagon

Back 79

Pancreas

Front 80

Maintains a steady level of _______, or sugar, in the blood

Back 80

glucose

Front 81

Keeps the body supplied with fuel to produce and maintain stores of ______

Back 81

energy

Front 82

fails to produce enough insulin

Back 82

Type 1 diabetes

Front 83

body unable to respond to insulin normally

Back 83

Type 2 diabetes

Front 84

Hormones and neurotransmitters both work to affect the _______ ______

Back 84

nervous system

Front 85

The same ________ may be used as both

Back 85

chemical

Front 86

released into the blood; slow and widespread communication

Back 86

Hormone

Front 87

released right beside the cell to excite or inhibit; rapid and specific messages

Back 87

Neurotransmitter

Front 88

the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring

Back 88

Nature or Heredity

Front 89

factors such as family, culture, education, and individual experiences

Back 89

Nurture or Environment

Front 90

the basic building blocks of heredity passed from parent to child

Back 90

Genes

Front 91

The effect genes have on behavior occur through their roles in building and modifying _______ _________ of the body

Back 91

physical structures