Psychology Chapter 4

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

awareness of various processes, such as sleeping, dreaming, concentrating, and making decisions.

Front 2

waking consciousness

Back 2

mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert.

Front 3

altered state of consciousness

Back 3

mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness.

Front 4

daydream

Back 4

apparently effortless shifts in attention away from the here and now into a private world of make believe.

Front 5

ciradian rhythm

Back 5

regular biological rhythm with approximately 24 hr period.

Front 6

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Back 6

Cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus that receives input from the retina regarding light and dark cycles and is involved in regulating the biological clock.

Front 7

REM (paradoxical) Sleep

Back 7

sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movement and increased dreaming.

Front 8

NON_REM (NREM) Sleep

Back 8

Non-rapid- eye movement stages of sleep that alternate stages of sleep that alternate with REM stages during the sleep cycle.

Front 9

Night Terrors

Back 9

Frightening, often terrifying dreams that occur during NREM sleep from which a person is difficult to awaken and doesn't remember the content.

Front 10

Nightmares

Back 10

Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep and are remembered.

Front 11

Insomnia

Back 11

Sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining alseep throughout the night.

Front 12

apnea

Back 12

sleep disorder characterized by breathing difficulty during the night and feelings of exhaustion during the day.

Front 13

narcolepsy

Back 13

hereditory sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day and sudden loss of muscle tone following moments of emotional excitement.

Front 14

dreams

Back 14

vivid visual and auditory experiences that occur primarily during REM periods of sleep.

Front 15

psychoactive drugs

Back 15

Chemical substances that change moods and perceptions

Front 16

sustance abuse

Back 16

Pattern of drug use that diminishes the ability to fulfill responsibilities at home or at work or school that result in repeated use of a drug in dangerous situations, or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug abuse.

Front 17

substance dependence

Back 17

pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, o other specific symptoms for at least a year.

Front 18

tolerance

Back 18

phenomenon whereaby higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original effects or to prevent withdrawal symptoms.

Front 19

withdrawal symptoms

Back 19

unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow the discontinuance of a dependence producing substance.

Front 20

depressants

Back 20

chemicals that slow down behavior or cognitive processes.

Front 21

alcohol

Back 21

depressant that is the intoxicating ingredient in whiskey, beer, wine, and otehr fermented or distilled liquors.

Front 22

barbiturates

Back 22

potentially deadly depressants, first used for their sedative and anticonvulsant properties, now used only to treat such conditions as epilepsy and arthritis.

Front 23

opiates

Back 23

drugs such as opium and heroin, derived from the opium poppy, that dull the senses and induce feelings of euphoria, well-being, and relaxation. Synthetic drugs resembling opium derivatives are also classified as opiates.

Front 24

stimulants

Back 24

drugs, including amphetamines and cocaine, that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of optimism and boundless energy.

Front 25

amphetamines

Back 25

stimulant drugs that initially produce rushes of euphoria often followed by sudden crashes and sometimes severe depression.

Front 26

cocaine

Back 26

drug derived from the cocoa plant that while producing a sense of euphoria by stimulating the smpathetic nervous system, also leads to anxiety, depression, and addictive cravings.

Front 27

hallucingoens

Back 27

any of the # of drugs such as LSD and mescaline that distort visual and auditory perception.

Front 28

lysergic and diethylamide (LSD)

Back 28

Hallucinogenic or psychedelic drug that produces hallucinations and delusions similar to those occuring in a psychotic state.

Front 29

marijuana

Back 29

mild hallucinogen that produces high often characterized by feelings of euphoria, sense of wellbeing, and swings in mood from gaiety to relaxation, may also cause feelings by anxiety and paranoia.

Front 30

placebo

Back 30

chemically inactive substance used for comparison with active drugs in experiments on the effects of drugs.

Front 31

meditation

Back 31

any of the various methods of concentration, reflection, or focusing of thoughts undertaken to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Front 32

hypnosis

Back 32

trancelike state in which a person responds readily to suggestions.