Psychology Chapter 3 Quiz

Front 1

What are the 2 types of nervous tissue?

Back 1

Glia and Neuron

Front 2

Structural support and insulation for the nervous system

Back 2

Glia

Front 3

Communication in the nervous system

Back 3

Neuron

Front 4

The cell body.

Back 4

Soma

Front 5

Part of a neuron that receives information.

Back 5

Dendrites

Front 6

A long thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscle glands.

Back 6

Axon

Front 7

Small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters.

Back 7

Terminal Button

Front 8

Insulating material that encases some axons.

Back 8

Myelin Sheath

Front 9

What are the chemical messangers in the nervous system?

Back 9

Neurotransmitters.

Front 10

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another.

Back 10

Synapse

Front 11

These interconnect with the terminal button...

Back 11

Synapse

Front 12

A complex electrochemical reaction.

Back 12

Neural Impulse

Front 13

A neuron is its stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive.

Back 13

Resting Potential

Front 14

A very brief shift in a neurons electrical charge that travels along an axon.

Back 14

Action Potential

Front 15

What ions are exchanged during the action potential?

Back 15

Positively charged sodium ions.

Front 16

Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another.

Back 16

Neurotransmitters

Front 17

What are the 3 main processes that the neurotransmitters go through when a synapse occurs?

Back 17

Sending signals, receiving signals and integrating signals.

Front 18

A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

Back 18

Agonist

Front 19

A chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter

Back 19

Antagonist

Front 20

What is the relation between nicotine and ACh?

Back 20

nicotine stimulates ACh synapses; Nicotine an agonist of ACh

Front 21

What is the relation between curare and ACh?

Back 21

curare is an ACh antagonist

Front 22

What is a SSRI?

Back 22

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor(anti-depressant) which slows the reuptake process at serotonin synapses

Front 23

A neurotransmitter that contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory.

Back 23

ACh

Front 24

Includes three neurotransmitters dopamine, norephrine and saratonin.

Back 24

Monoamines

Front 25

A neurotransmitter that contributes to control a voluntary movement and pleasurable emotions.

Back 25

Dopamine

Front 26

A neurotransmitter that contributes to modulation of mood and arousal.

Back 26

Norepinephrine

Front 27

What is the relation between endorphins and pain?

Back 27

Contributes to pain relief and resembles opiate drugs in effect.

Front 28

The nerves that lie outside the brains and the spinal cord?

Back 28

PNS or Peripheral Nervous System

Front 29

What does the CNS consist of?

Back 29

The brain and the spinal cord

Front 30

What system is made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands.

Back 30

ANS or autonomic nervous system

Front 31

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

Back 31

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Front 32

Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors.

Back 32

Somatic Nervous System

Front 33

This research method that involves destroying a piece of brain.

Back 33

Lesioning

Front 34

A research method which involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate it.

Back 34

ESB (Electrical stimulation of the brain)

Front 35

A technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific part of the brain

Back 35

TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)

Front 36

The 3 major areas of a brain.

Back 36

Hindbrain, forebrain, and midbrain.

Front 37

Has charge of largely unconscious but essential functions, such as breathing, maintaining muscle tone, and regulating circulation are the functions of the...

Back 37

Medulla

Front 38

The bridge of fibers that connects the brainstem with the cerebellum and also contains several clusters of cell bodies involved with sleep and arousal.

Back 38

Pons

Front 39

a relatively large and deeply folded structure located adjacent to the back surface of the brainstem. Coordinated of movement and is critical to the sense of equilibrium or physical balance.

Back 39

Cerebellum

Front 40

What runs through the hindbrain and the midbrain?

Back 40

Reticular formation

Front 41

This structure is located in the forebrain through which all sensory information must pass to get to the cerebral cortex, and it plays an active role in integrating info from various senses.

Back 41

Thalamus

Front 42

A structure found near the bast of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs such as the four "F's" fighting, fleeing, feeding, and fucking

Back 42

Hypothalamus

Front 43

A loosely connected network of structures located roughly along the border between the verebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas.

Back 43

Limbic system

Front 44

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Back 44

Frontal lobe, paritel lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.

Front 45

What is brain plasticity?

Back 45

the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences

Front 46

What is the function of Broca and Wernickes's area?

Back 46

Broca is involved in speech production and wernicke is involved with language comprehension.

Front 47

The bundle of fibers that connects the cerebral hemispheres is cut to reduce the severity of epileptic seizures.

Back 47

Split-Brain Procedure

Front 48

Glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodiliy functioning

Back 48

The endocrine System

Front 49

The chemical substances released by the endocrine glands

Back 49

Hormones

Front 50

What is the master gland of the endocrine glands?

Back 50

Hypothalmus

Front 51

Threadlike strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic information.

Back 51

Chromosomes

Front 52

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

Back 52

Genes

Front 53

Characteristics that are incluenced by more than one pair of genes.

Back 53

Polygenic traits

Front 54

Research assess hereditary influence by examining blood relatives to see how much they resemble one another on a specific trait.

Back 54

Family Studies

Front 55

Researchers assess hereditary influence by comparing the resemblance of identical twins and fraternal twins with respect to a trait.

Back 55

Twin studies

Front 56

Asses hereditary influence by examining the resemblance between adopted childsren and bother their biological and their adoptive parents

Back 56

Adoption Studies

Front 57

Darwins 4 key insights:

Back 57

Variation, Heritablility, Reproduction Rate, and Fitness

Front 58

Posists that heritable characteristics that provide survival are more likely thatn alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and they become selected over time.

Back 58

Natural Selection

Front 59

An inherited characteristic that increased in a population because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during the time it emerged.

Back 59

Adaptation