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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuron Definition
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Basic building blocks of the nervous system that communicate information
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Components of the Neuron
**Figure 1** |
Dendrites- info into cell
Axons- info from cell Axon Terminals- structures at the end of axons that contain NTS Synapse- empty space b/t cells |
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Information Travel
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Resting Potential
Graded Potential Action Potential |
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Resting Potential Definition
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Inside of the neuron is negative relative to the outside
-70mv (inside electrical charge) |
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Graded Potential Definition
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Occurs when there is stimulation. It is preparing the cell to do something.
-The cell is briefly positive for 1-2 milliseconds |
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Neurotransmitter Definition
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Chemicals released as a result of action potential being transferred from one neuron to another
-over 40 different types -they are either reuptaken or degraded |
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Excitatory v Inhibitory NTS
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Excitatory- make it more likely for the neuron to fire
Inhibitory- make it less likely for the neuron to fire |
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Examples of NTS
Acetylcholine Serotonine Dopamine GABA Norepinephrine Endorphins |
Acetylcholine- important for learning, memory, muscle movement
Serotonine- influences mood and food intake Dopamine- important for movement and frontal lobe activity GABA - important in inhibiting neural activity Norepinephrine- maintains wakefulness Endorphins- regulate firing of pain neurons |
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Drugs can be Agonistic or Antagonistic
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Agonistic- facilitate the action of NTS, often my mimicking them
Antagonistic- inhibit the impact of NTS |
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The nervous system is split into:
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System What is in each system? **Figure 3** |
Central- Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral- -Somatic Division -Autonomic Division -Sympathetic System -Parasympathetic System |
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Spinal Cord Definition
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Contains all major connections to outlying peripheral nervous system
-apart of the central nervous system -responsible for reflexes |
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Spinal Cord has two different pathways
-efferent v afferent |
Efferent/Motor - info from brain to muscles
Afferent/Sensory - info from senses to brain |
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Interneuron Definition
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A nerve cell found entirely within the central nervous system that acts as a link between sensory neurons and motor neurons.
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Reflexes Definition and Process
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Seemingly automatic action, with no need for the brain
Process: -Stimuli -info > interneuron -interneuron > muscles |
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Somatic v Autonomic Divisions
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Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic- controls voluntary muscles Autonomic- controls involuntary muscles |
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Sympathetic v Parasympathetic System
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Apart of the Autonomic Division of the Peripheral Nervous System
Sympathetic- readies boy for activity Parasympathetic- readies body for restoration |
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3 Major Parts of the Brain and their Purposes
Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain |
Hindbrain- regulates basic survival mechanisms
Midbrain- visual/auditory reflexes Forebrain- perception, emotion, cognition |
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Hindbrain Components and Purposes
aka "Brainstem" Medulla Pons Cerebellum |
Medulla- heartrate and breathing
Pons- sleep and arousal Cerebellum- balance, coordination, movement "ballerina" |
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Forebrain Components and Purposes
Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Optic Nerve Corpus Callosum Limbic System |
Thalamus- critical relay station to the higher brain centers
Hypothalamus- controls appetite and homeostases Pituitary Gland- Releases hormones Optic Nerve- Extends the brain into the retina in each eye Corpus Callosum- connects hemispheres of the cortex Limbic System- memory and emotional expression |
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Lobes of the Brain and Purposes
FPOT |
Frontal- speech production, thinking, planning, reasoning, impulse control, motivation
Parietal- somatosenory cortex, related to spacial orientation Occipital- visual cortex Temporal- auditory cortex |
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Hemispheres of the Brain
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Left - controls rights side of body
- music, speech Right- controls left side of body - logical thinking, language, writing, science/math |
