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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
biologic psychology
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branch of psychology concerned with links between biology and behavior
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neuron
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nerve cell
building block of nervous system |
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dendrite
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extensions of neurons that receive messages
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axon
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extension of neuron
very long covered in myelin sheath |
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action potential
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neural impulse
charge that travels down axon generated by positive atoms going in and out |
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threshold
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excitatory-inhibitory>minimum intensity then it is met
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synapse
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junction between dendrite and axon
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synaptic gap or cleft
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space between dendrite and axon
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers between neurons
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reuptake
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taking back of neurotransmitters
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dopamine
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neurotransmitter that affects:
movement learning attention emotion too much- schizophrenia |
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serotonin
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neurotransmitter that affects:
mood hunger sleep arousal antidepressants raise this |
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norepinephrine
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neurotransmitter that affects:
alertness arousal |
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gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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neurotransmitter that affects:
inhibitory functions possible eating and sleep disorders |
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acetylcholine (ACh)
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neurotransmitter that affects:
muscle action-- blocks make you go numb, too much from black widow gives muscle contractions learning memory alzheimers is when not enough is made |
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endorphines
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neurotransmitter that affects:
pain control and pleasure heroine and morphine mimic this |
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nervous system
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body's electrochemical communication system
contains periperal and central |
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central nervous system (CNS)
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brain and spinal chord
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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censory and motor nuerons that connect CNS to body
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sensory neurons
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carry info from sensory receptors to CNS
-peripheral |
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internuerons
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communicate- sensory input and motor output
-central |
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motor neurons
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carry outgoing messages
-peripheral |
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somatic nervous system
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controls movement of skeletal muscles
-voluntary -part of peripheral |
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autonomic nervous system
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controls self-regulated actions
-part of peripheral |
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sympathetic nervous system
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-part of autonomic
arousal |
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parasympathetic nervous system
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-part of autonomic
calming/conserve energy |
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reflex
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automatic responses
-jerk before you feel |
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neural networks
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cluster of nuerons
fast connections |
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lesion
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tissue destruction for experimentation
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electroencephalogram (EEG)
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recording of whole brain's electrical activity
like fixing a car by listening to the engine |
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CT (computed tomography) scan
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x-rays
-neuroimaging |
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PET (positron emission tomography) scan
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given temporary isotope glucose and you can see where the brain is using it
-neuroimaging |
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MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
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finds concentrations of atoms
-neuroimaging |
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brainstem
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oldest
begins where spinal cord swells to inside the brain |
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medulla
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base of brainstem
heartbeat and breathing |
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reticular formation
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above medulla in brainstem
controls arousal (waking up) |
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thalamus
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top of brainstem
recieves all senses but smell and sends to brain the "hub" |
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cerebellum
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attached to back of brainstem
balance and movement |
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limbic system
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emotions of fear and agression
need for food and sex contains: -hippocampus -amyglada -hypothalamus |
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amygdala
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aggression and fear
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hypothalamus
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eating
drinking body temp linked to emotion helps govern endocrine system |
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cerebral cortex
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covers cerebral hemispheres
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glial cells
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support nourish and protect neurons
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frontal lobes
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lobe
just behind forhead speaking and muscle movement making plans and judgments |
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pariental lobes
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lobe
top of head includes sensory cortex |
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occipital lobes
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lobe
back of head visual areas |
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temporal lobes
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lobe
above ears receives auditory info. |
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motor cortex
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controls voluntary movement
-output |
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sensory cortex
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processes body sensations
-input |
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association areas
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not involved in primary motor or sensory functions
higher mental functions: learning remembering thinking speaking |
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aphasia
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impairment of language
damage to broca's or wernicke's |
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Broca's area
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directs muscle movements involved in speech
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wernicke's area
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language comprehension/expression
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angular gyrus
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seeing-->hearing (reading)
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plasticity
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brain's ability to change
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corpus callosum
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connects two hemispheres
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split brain
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two hemispheres are separated by cutting corpus collosum
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right hemisphere
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perceptual
recognizing a picture more intelectual |
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left hemisphere
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speak
calculate recognizing a word language |
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endocrine system
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slow communication system
growth reproduction metabolism mood |
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hormones
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originate in one tissue and move in blood stream to another
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adrenal gland
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on top of kidneys
releases: -epinephreine -norepinephrine increase heart rate blood pressure, blood sugar |
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pituitary gland
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influences:
-growth master gland controlled by hypothalamus |