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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
biologic psychology
branch of psychology concerned with links between biology and behavior
neuron
nerve cell
building block of nervous system
dendrite
extensions of neurons that receive messages
axon
extension of neuron
very long
covered in myelin sheath
action potential
neural impulse
charge that travels down axon
generated by positive atoms going in and out
threshold
excitatory-inhibitory>minimum intensity then it is met
synapse
junction between dendrite and axon
synaptic gap or cleft
space between dendrite and axon
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers between neurons
reuptake
taking back of neurotransmitters
dopamine
neurotransmitter that affects:
movement
learning
attention
emotion
too much- schizophrenia
serotonin
neurotransmitter that affects:
mood
hunger
sleep
arousal
antidepressants raise this
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter that affects:
alertness
arousal
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
neurotransmitter that affects:
inhibitory functions
possible eating and sleep disorders
acetylcholine (ACh)
neurotransmitter that affects:
muscle action-- blocks make you go numb, too much from black widow gives muscle contractions
learning
memory
alzheimers is when not enough is made
endorphines
neurotransmitter that affects:
pain control and pleasure
heroine and morphine mimic this
nervous system
body's electrochemical communication system
contains periperal and central
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal chord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
censory and motor nuerons that connect CNS to body
sensory neurons
carry info from sensory receptors to CNS
-peripheral
internuerons
communicate- sensory input and motor output
-central
motor neurons
carry outgoing messages
-peripheral
somatic nervous system
controls movement of skeletal muscles
-voluntary
-part of peripheral
autonomic nervous system
controls self-regulated actions
-part of peripheral
sympathetic nervous system
-part of autonomic
arousal
parasympathetic nervous system
-part of autonomic
calming/conserve energy
reflex
automatic responses
-jerk before you feel
neural networks
cluster of nuerons
fast connections
lesion
tissue destruction for experimentation
electroencephalogram (EEG)
recording of whole brain's electrical activity
like fixing a car by listening to the engine
CT (computed tomography) scan
x-rays
-neuroimaging
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
given temporary isotope glucose and you can see where the brain is using it
-neuroimaging
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
finds concentrations of atoms
-neuroimaging
brainstem
oldest
begins where spinal cord swells to inside the brain
medulla
base of brainstem
heartbeat and breathing
reticular formation
above medulla in brainstem
controls arousal (waking up)
thalamus
top of brainstem
recieves all senses but smell and sends to brain
the "hub"
cerebellum
attached to back of brainstem
balance and movement
limbic system
emotions of fear and agression
need for food and sex
contains:
-hippocampus
-amyglada
-hypothalamus
amygdala
aggression and fear
hypothalamus
eating
drinking
body temp
linked to emotion
helps govern endocrine system
cerebral cortex
covers cerebral hemispheres
glial cells
support nourish and protect neurons
frontal lobes
lobe
just behind forhead
speaking and muscle movement
making plans and judgments
pariental lobes
lobe
top of head
includes sensory cortex
occipital lobes
lobe
back of head
visual areas
temporal lobes
lobe
above ears
receives auditory info.
motor cortex
controls voluntary movement
-output
sensory cortex
processes body sensations
-input
association areas
not involved in primary motor or sensory functions
higher mental functions:
learning
remembering
thinking
speaking
aphasia
impairment of language
damage to broca's or wernicke's
Broca's area
directs muscle movements involved in speech
wernicke's area
language comprehension/expression
angular gyrus
seeing-->hearing (reading)
plasticity
brain's ability to change
corpus callosum
connects two hemispheres
split brain
two hemispheres are separated by cutting corpus collosum
right hemisphere
perceptual
recognizing a picture
more intelectual
left hemisphere
speak
calculate
recognizing a word
language
endocrine system
slow communication system
growth
reproduction
metabolism
mood
hormones
originate in one tissue and move in blood stream to another
adrenal gland
on top of kidneys
releases:
-epinephreine
-norepinephrine
increase heart rate blood pressure, blood sugar
pituitary gland
influences:
-growth
master gland
controlled by hypothalamus