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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system
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neuron
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the neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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dendrite
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the neuron's extension that passes messages through its branching terminal fibers that form junctions with other neurons, muscles, or glands
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axon
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a neural impulse
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action potential
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the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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threshold
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chemical messengers
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neurotransmitters
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when the sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotramsmitters
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reuptake
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the meeting point between the neurons
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synapse
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"morphine within"
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endorphins
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bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs
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nerves
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neurons that carry info from sensory receptors to the CNS
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sensory neurons
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neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
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interneurons
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the division of the PNS that controls the skeletal muscles
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somatic nervous system
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a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus
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reflex
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a set of glands that secrete hormones
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endocrine
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chemical messengers that are manufacture by the endocrine glands
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hormones
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the endocrine systems most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
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pituitary gland
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tissue destruction
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lesion
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the oldest part and central core of the brain responsible for automatic survival functions
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brainstem
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the base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing
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medulla
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the brain's sensory switchboard, directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
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thalamus
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a nerve network in the brainstem that play an important role in controlling arousal
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reticular formation
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the little brain w/c functions with nonverbal learning, processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
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cerebellum
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the neural system associated with emotions and drives
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limbic system
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components of the limbic system
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hippocampus
amygdala hypothalamus |
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part of the limbic system that influence aggression and fear
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amygdala
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governs hunger; thirst; body temperature and sexual behavior
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hypothalamus
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the ultimate control and information processing center
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cerebral cortex
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involved with speaking and muscle movements ; making plans and judgements
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frontal lobe
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receives sensory input for touch and body position
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parietal
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visual information is processed
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occipital
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includes auditory areas
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temporal lobes
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controls voluntary movements; area oat the rear of frontal lobes
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motor cortex
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area at the front of parietal lobes that processes body touch and movement sensation
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sensory cortex
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areas that are involved in higher mental functions, such as learning, remembering, thinking, speaking, and integrating information
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association areas
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impairment of language usually caused by left-hemisphere damage
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aphasia
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controls language and expression
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Broca's area
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controls language reception, comprehension and expression
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Wernicke's area
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the brain's ability to modify itself after some damage
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plasticity
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the formation of new neurons
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neurogenesis
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the large band of fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres
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corpus callosum
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when you cut the corpus callosum off
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split brain
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