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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is social psychology
study of the nature and causes of people's thoughts and behavior in social situations
What is the situationist perspective in social psychology
social influence goads people into doing things they would not usually do
what are attitudes (3)
cognitive evaluations, feelings and behavioral tendencies
what is the A-B problem
factors that affect the link between attitudes and behavior
what are 4 factors of the A-B problem
specificity, strength of attitudes, vested interest and accessibility
what is attitude formation
conditioning and observational learning- learned attitudes
what is cognitive appraisal
form opinion after appraisal and evaluation of situation
what is the elaboration likelihood model/changing attitudes
central and peripheral route of persuasion
what does central route of persuasion do
inspires thoughtful consideration of evidence and arguments
what is peripheral route of persuasion
associate with positive or negative cues
what is the persuasive message
repeated exposure to things and people enhances their appeal
what appeal is more persuasive than facts
fear
what is the persuasive communicator
shows expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness or similarity to the audience- fan adoration
how does selective advoidance and selective exposure work in persuasive communication
confront with information that counters one's attitude
what is the context of the message in persuasive communication
environment and mood can be persuasive
who is the persuaded audience
people with high self esteem and low social anxiety are more resistant to social pressure
what is the cognitive dissoance theory
when attitudes are inconsistent, individuals are motivated to reduce that inconsistency
what formed the cognitive dissonance theory(2)
Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)
people who are paid less rated the cognitive dissonance theory task more interesting
yes
what does attitude-discrepant behavior and effort justification have to do with
cognitive dissonance theory
is prejudice attitude or behavior
attitude
is discrimination attitude or behavior
behavior
In prejudice, what is the cognitive level
expectation that members of target group will behave poorly
in prejudice, what is the emotional level
negative feeling
what attitude is stereotype
fixed conventional attitudes- can be positive or negative
what is prejudice involving stereotyping
attitude- may be positive or negative
what are 5 sources of prejudice
dissimilarity, social conflict, social learning, informational processing and social categorization
are standards for beauty cross-cultural
yes
what is physical appearance a contributing factor to
attraction
what are the gender differences in preferences of a romantic partner
females- more emphasis on professional status. males- more emphasis on physical appearance
what does the parental investment model show
evolutionary forces
what color is association with attraction and what are 3 ways it works
red- reddening of skin by elevated estrogen levels, preference for color red in assessing attractiveness and red as a sign of good health
what is the attraction-similarity hypothesis
our partners tend to be like us- race, ethnicity, age, education and religion
what are two factors that influence our preferences according to the attraction-similarity hypothesis
propinquity and reciprocity
what is the triangular model of love
intimacy, passion and commitment
what does romantic love combine(2)
intimacy and passion
what kind of love combines intimacy, passion and commitment
consummate
what is social perception
examines the ways in which we form and modify our impressions of others
what is the primacy effect
first impressions matter a great deal
what is the attribution theory
process by which one draws conclusions about the influences on another's behavior
what are dispositonal attributions
internal factors
what are situational attributions
external factors
what attributions are internal factors and which are external
dispositional-internal situational-external
what is the fundamental attribution error
attribute too much of other's behavior on dispositional- cultural bias- individualistic cultures
what is the observer effect according to the attribution theory
actor-attribute other's behavior to dispositional factors and our own to situational factors
what is self-serving bias according to the attribution theory
ascribe successes to internal factors; failures to external influences
what is social influence
examines the ways people influence thoughts, feelings and behavior of others
what is the Milgram studies
obedience to authority- majority complied to demands of authority even when that required they inflict a harmful shock on innocent people
in the Milgram studies what was the deception and truth
learners were confederates
why did people in the Milgram studies obey the experimenters(6)
socialization, lack of social comparison, perception of legitimacy of authority, foot-in-the-door technique, inaccessibility of values and buffers between perpetrator and victim
What does conform mean
when we change our behavior to adhere to social norms
what are social norms
widely accepted expectations concerning social behaviors
what is the Asch study of conformity
most people will conform, even when they are wrong
what are factors that contribute to conformity(7)
collectivist culture, desire to be liked, low self-esteem, social shyness, lack of familiarity with task, group size and social support
in biology, brain structures in humans moderate aggressive instincts evident in lower animals
yes
what chemical contributes to aggression
testosterone
what are 4 psycholgical aspects of aggression
psychodynamic theory, cognitive factors, behavioral perspective-social cognitive theory and situational influences
what are two things that happen when presence of others facilitates performance
increased arousal or motivation and evaluation apprehension
what are two things when presence of others impairs performance
social loafing and diffusion of responsibility
what are the 4 social decision schemes
majority-wins, truth-wins, two-thirds majority and first-shift rule
what is the risky shift
polarization
what is polarization
risky shift- taking an extreme position
what is diffusion of responsibility
allows group to take greater risks
what is group think
unrealistic group decision making in which external realities are ignored
what are three things that influence group think
dynamic group leader, external threat and cohesiveness of group
what are 5 contributors to group think
feelings of invulnerability, group's belief in its rightness, discrediting of information contrary to decision, pressure for group conformity and stereotyping of members of out-group
what may induce mob behavior
highly emotional crowds
what is deindividuation
reduced self-awareness and lower concern of social evaluation
what is altruism
helping people
what are factors that influence decision to help
good mood, empathic, believe an emergency exists, assume responsibility to act, know what to do, know the people who need help and similarity to people who need help