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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is social psychology
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study of the nature and causes of people's thoughts and behavior in social situations
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What is the situationist perspective in social psychology
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social influence goads people into doing things they would not usually do
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what are attitudes (3)
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cognitive evaluations, feelings and behavioral tendencies
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what is the A-B problem
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factors that affect the link between attitudes and behavior
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what are 4 factors of the A-B problem
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specificity, strength of attitudes, vested interest and accessibility
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what is attitude formation
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conditioning and observational learning- learned attitudes
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what is cognitive appraisal
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form opinion after appraisal and evaluation of situation
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what is the elaboration likelihood model/changing attitudes
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central and peripheral route of persuasion
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what does central route of persuasion do
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inspires thoughtful consideration of evidence and arguments
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what is peripheral route of persuasion
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associate with positive or negative cues
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what is the persuasive message
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repeated exposure to things and people enhances their appeal
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what appeal is more persuasive than facts
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fear
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what is the persuasive communicator
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shows expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness or similarity to the audience- fan adoration
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how does selective advoidance and selective exposure work in persuasive communication
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confront with information that counters one's attitude
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what is the context of the message in persuasive communication
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environment and mood can be persuasive
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who is the persuaded audience
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people with high self esteem and low social anxiety are more resistant to social pressure
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what is the cognitive dissoance theory
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when attitudes are inconsistent, individuals are motivated to reduce that inconsistency
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what formed the cognitive dissonance theory(2)
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Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)
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people who are paid less rated the cognitive dissonance theory task more interesting
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yes
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what does attitude-discrepant behavior and effort justification have to do with
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cognitive dissonance theory
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is prejudice attitude or behavior
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attitude
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is discrimination attitude or behavior
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behavior
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In prejudice, what is the cognitive level
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expectation that members of target group will behave poorly
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in prejudice, what is the emotional level
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negative feeling
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what attitude is stereotype
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fixed conventional attitudes- can be positive or negative
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what is prejudice involving stereotyping
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attitude- may be positive or negative
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what are 5 sources of prejudice
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dissimilarity, social conflict, social learning, informational processing and social categorization
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are standards for beauty cross-cultural
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yes
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what is physical appearance a contributing factor to
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attraction
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what are the gender differences in preferences of a romantic partner
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females- more emphasis on professional status. males- more emphasis on physical appearance
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what does the parental investment model show
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evolutionary forces
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what color is association with attraction and what are 3 ways it works
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red- reddening of skin by elevated estrogen levels, preference for color red in assessing attractiveness and red as a sign of good health
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what is the attraction-similarity hypothesis
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our partners tend to be like us- race, ethnicity, age, education and religion
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what are two factors that influence our preferences according to the attraction-similarity hypothesis
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propinquity and reciprocity
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what is the triangular model of love
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intimacy, passion and commitment
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what does romantic love combine(2)
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intimacy and passion
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what kind of love combines intimacy, passion and commitment
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consummate
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what is social perception
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examines the ways in which we form and modify our impressions of others
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what is the primacy effect
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first impressions matter a great deal
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what is the attribution theory
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process by which one draws conclusions about the influences on another's behavior
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what are dispositonal attributions
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internal factors
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what are situational attributions
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external factors
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what attributions are internal factors and which are external
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dispositional-internal situational-external
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what is the fundamental attribution error
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attribute too much of other's behavior on dispositional- cultural bias- individualistic cultures
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what is the observer effect according to the attribution theory
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actor-attribute other's behavior to dispositional factors and our own to situational factors
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what is self-serving bias according to the attribution theory
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ascribe successes to internal factors; failures to external influences
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what is social influence
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examines the ways people influence thoughts, feelings and behavior of others
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what is the Milgram studies
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obedience to authority- majority complied to demands of authority even when that required they inflict a harmful shock on innocent people
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in the Milgram studies what was the deception and truth
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learners were confederates
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why did people in the Milgram studies obey the experimenters(6)
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socialization, lack of social comparison, perception of legitimacy of authority, foot-in-the-door technique, inaccessibility of values and buffers between perpetrator and victim
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What does conform mean
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when we change our behavior to adhere to social norms
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what are social norms
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widely accepted expectations concerning social behaviors
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what is the Asch study of conformity
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most people will conform, even when they are wrong
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what are factors that contribute to conformity(7)
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collectivist culture, desire to be liked, low self-esteem, social shyness, lack of familiarity with task, group size and social support
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in biology, brain structures in humans moderate aggressive instincts evident in lower animals
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yes
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what chemical contributes to aggression
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testosterone
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what are 4 psycholgical aspects of aggression
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psychodynamic theory, cognitive factors, behavioral perspective-social cognitive theory and situational influences
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what are two things that happen when presence of others facilitates performance
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increased arousal or motivation and evaluation apprehension
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what are two things when presence of others impairs performance
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social loafing and diffusion of responsibility
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what are the 4 social decision schemes
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majority-wins, truth-wins, two-thirds majority and first-shift rule
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what is the risky shift
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polarization
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what is polarization
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risky shift- taking an extreme position
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what is diffusion of responsibility
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allows group to take greater risks
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what is group think
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unrealistic group decision making in which external realities are ignored
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what are three things that influence group think
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dynamic group leader, external threat and cohesiveness of group
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what are 5 contributors to group think
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feelings of invulnerability, group's belief in its rightness, discrediting of information contrary to decision, pressure for group conformity and stereotyping of members of out-group
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what may induce mob behavior
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highly emotional crowds
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what is deindividuation
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reduced self-awareness and lower concern of social evaluation
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what is altruism
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helping people
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what are factors that influence decision to help
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good mood, empathic, believe an emergency exists, assume responsibility to act, know what to do, know the people who need help and similarity to people who need help
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