Psychology - Chapter 13, Schizophrenia

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an enduring psychotic disorder that involves disturbed behavior, thinking, emotions, and perceptions

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schizophrenia

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the term given by Kraepelin to the disorder we now call schizophrenia

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dementia praecox

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the primary characteristics of schizophrenia: loose Associations, blunted or inappropriate Affect, Ambivalence, and Autism

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four A's

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relationships among thoughts

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associations

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emotional responsiveness

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affect

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withdrawal into a private fantasy world

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autism

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the primary features of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions

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first-rank symptoms

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symptoms associated with schizophrenia that also occur in other mental disorders

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second-rank symptoms

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a psychotic disorder lasting from a day to a month that often follows exposure to a major stressor

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brief psychotic disorder

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a psychotic disorder lasting less than six months in duration, with features that resemble schizophrenia

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schizophreniform disorder

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a type of psychosis characterized by persistent delusions, often of a paranoid nature, that do not have the bizarre quality of the type found in paranoid schizophrenia

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delusional disorder

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a delusional disorder characterized by the belief that one is loved by someone of high social status

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erotomania

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a type of psychotic disorder in which individuals experience both severe mood disturbance and features associated with schizophrenia

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schizoaffective disorder

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in schizophrenia, the period of decline in functioning that precedes the first acute psychotic episode

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prodromal phase

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in schizophrenia, the phase that follows an acute phase, characterized by a return to the level of functioning of the prodromal phase

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residual phase

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a disturbance in thinking characterized by the breakdown of logical associations between thoughts

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thought disorder

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new words

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neologisms

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the persistent repetition of the same thought or response

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perseveration

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the tendency to string words together because they rhyme or sound alike

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clanging

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an involuntary interruption of speech

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blocking

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a state of relative or complete unconsciousness in which a person is not aware of, or responsive to, the environment

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stupor

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the subtype of schizophrenia characterized by disorganized behavior, bizarre delusions, and vivid hallucinations

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disorganized type

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the subtype of schizophrenia characterized by gross disturbances in motor activity, such as catatonic stupor

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catatonic type

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a less common feature of catatonic schizophrenia, in which a person's limbs are moved into a certain posture or position by others and which the person then rigidly maintains

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waxy flexibility

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the subtype of schizophrenia characterized by hallucinations and systematized delusions, commonly involving themes of persecution

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paranoid type

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flagrant symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and thought disorder

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positive symptoms

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behavioral deficiencies associated with schizophrenia, such as social skills deficits, social withdrawal, flattened affect, poverty of speech and thought, psychomotor retardation, and failure to experience pleasure

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negative symptoms

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the level of functioning before the person developed schizophrenia

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premorbid functioning

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a method of determining heritability of a trait or disorder by examining differences in prevalence among adoptees reared by either adoptive or biological parents who possessed the trait or disorder in question

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cross-fostering study

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the theory that proposes that schizophrenia involves overactivity of dopamine receptors in the brain

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dopamine theory

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a group of antipsychotic drugs (the "major tranquilizers") used in the treatment of schizophrenia, such as the phenothiazines (Thorazine, Mellaril, etc.)

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neuroleptics

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a since-discarded concept of a cold but overprotective mother who, it was believed, was capable of causing schizophrenia in her children

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schizophrenogenic mother

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a communication pattern involving contradictory or mixed messages without acknowledging the inherent conflict

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double-bind communications

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a disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities and caused by long-term use of antipsychotic medication

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tardive dyskinesia (TD)