Psychology Chapter 12 (Rudiger)

Front 1

Abnormal Psychology

Back 1

the application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disorders

Front 2

Prevalence

Back 2

the frequency of occurrence of a given condition in a population at a given time

Front 3

Psychological Disorder

Back 3

an ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress, and that is considered deviant in that person's culture or society

Front 4

Bio-psycho-social Model of Illness

Back 4

a way of understanding disorder that assumes that disorder is caused by biological, psychological, and social factors

Front 5

Comorbidity

Back 5

a situation that occurs when people who suffer from one disorder also suffers at the same time from one or more disorders

Front 6

Stigma

Back 6

a disgrace or defect that indicates that person belonging to a culturally devalued society group

Front 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Back 7

a document that provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders

Front 8

Autistic Disorder (autism)

Back 8

a disorder of neutral development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior and in which symptoms begin before 7 years of age

Front 9

Asperger's Disorder

Back 9

a developmental disorder that affects a child's ability to socialize and communicate effectively with others and in which symptoms begin before 7 years of age

Front 10

Anxiety

Back 10

a nervousness or agitation that we sometimes experience, often about something that is going to happen

Front 11

Anxiety Disorder

Back 11

a psychological disturbance marked by irrational fears, often of everyday objects and situations

Front 12

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Back 12

a psychological disorder diagnosed in situations in which a person has been excessively worrying about money, health, work, family life, or relationships for at least 6 months, even though he or she knows that the concerns are exaggerated, and when the anxiety causes significant distress and dysfunction

Front 13

Panic Disorder

Back 13

a psychological disorder characterized by sudden attacks of anxiety and terror that have led to significant behavioral changes in the person's life

Front 14

Phobia

Back 14

a specific fear of a certain object, situation, or activity

Front 15

Social Phobia

Back 15

extreme shyness around people or discomfort in social situations

Front 16

Agoraphobia

Back 16

anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help may not be available

Front 17

Obsessive-Comulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 17

a psychological disorder that is diagnosed when an individual continuously experiences distressing or frightening thoughts, engages in obsessions (repetitive thoughts) or compulsions (repetitive behaviors) in an attempt to calm these thoughts

Front 18

Dissociative Disorder

Back 18

a condition that involves disruptions or breakdowns or memory, awareness and identity

Front 19

Dissociative Amnesia

Back 19

a psychological disorder that involves extensive, but selective, memory loss, but in which there is no psychological explanation for the forgetting

Front 20

Dissociative Fugue

Back 20

a psychological disorder in which an individual loses complete memory of his or her identity and may even assume a new one, often far from home

Front 21

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Back 21

a psychological disorder in which two or more distinct and individual personalities exist in the same person, and there is memory disruption regarding personal information about the other personalities

Front 22

Mood

Back 22

the positive or negative feelings that are in the background of our everyday experiences

Front 23

Mood (or Affective) Disorders

Back 23

psychological conditions in which the person's mood influences his or her physical, perceptual, social and cognitive processes

Front 24

Dysthymia

Back 24

a psychological disorder characterized by mild, but chronic, depressive symptoms that last for at least two years

Front 25

Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression)

Back 25

a psychological disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities

Front 26

Bipolar Disorder

Back 26

a psychological disorder characterized by swings in mood from overly 'high' to sad and hopeless, and back again, with periods of near-normal mood in between

Front 27

Schizophrenia

Back 27

a serious psychological disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, loss of contact with reality, inappropriate affect, disorganized speech, social withdrawal, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

Front 28

Psychosis

Back 28

a psychological condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality

Front 29

Hallucinations

Back 29

an imaginary sensation that occurs in the absence of a real stimulus or that is a gross distortion of a real stimulus

Front 30

Delusions

Back 30

a false belief not commonly shared by others within one's culture, and maintained even though it is obviously out of touch with reality

Front 31

Personality Disorder

Back 31

a condition characterized by inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that causes problems in personal, social, and work situations

Front 32

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Back 32

a condition characterized by a prolonged disturbance of personality accompanied by mood swings, unstable personal relationships, identity problems, threats of self-destructive behavior, fears of abandonment and impulsivity

Front 33

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

Back 33

a condition by a pervasive pattern of violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood

Front 34

Somatization Disorder (Briquet's Syndrome or Brissaud-Marie Syndrome)

Back 34

a psychological disorder in which a person experiences numerous long-lasting but seemingly unrelated to physical ailments that have no identifiable physical cause

Front 35

Conversion Disorder

Back 35

a psychological disorder in which patients experience specific neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, or paralysis, but where no neurological explanation exists

Front 36

Hypochondriasis (Hypochondria)

Back 36

a psychological disorder accompanied by excessive worry about having a serious illness

Front 37

Factitious Disorder

Back 37

a psychological disorder in which participants fake physical symptoms in large part because they enjoy the attention and treatment that they receive in the hospital

Front 38

Sexual Dysfunction

Back 38

a psychological disorder that occurs when the physical sexual response cycle is inadequate for reproduction or for sexual enjoyment

Front 39

Gender Identity

Back 39

identification with sex

Front 40

Gender Identity Disorder (GID, or transsexualism)

Back 40

a psychological disorder in which the individual displays a repeated and strong desire to be the other sex, a persistent discomfort with one's sex, and a belief that one was born the wrong sex, accompanied by significant dysfunction and distress

Front 41

Paraphilia

Back 41

a psychological disorder in which sexual arousal is obtained from a consistent pattern of inappropriate responses to objects or people, and in which the behaviors associated with the feelings are distressing and dysfunctional