Psychology Chapter 10

Front 1

Piaget's term for the modification of an established schema to fit a new object or problem

Back 1

accommodation

Front 2

A transition from feeling part of the culture of one's original country to the culture of the country that one enters

Back 2

acculturation

Front 3

Piaget's term for the application of an established schema to a new objects or problems

Back 3

assimilation

Front 4

A long-term feeling of closeness between people, such as a child and a caregiver

Back 4

attachment

Front 5

Those who exert firm controls on their children,generally without explaining the reasons for the rules and without providing much warmth

Back 5

authoritarian parents

Front 6

Those who are demanding and impose firm controls, but who are also warm and responsive to the child's communications

Back 6

authoritative parents

Front 7

The ability to alternate between membership in one culture and membership in another

Back 7

biculturalism

Front 8

A strand of hereditary material found in the nucleus of a cell

Back 8

chromosome

Front 9

A group of people born at a particular time (as compared to people born at different times)

Back 9

cohort

Front 10

The concept that objects retain their weight, volume, and certain other properties in spite of changes in their shape or arrangement

Back 10

conservation

Front 11

A study of groups of individuals of different ages all at the same time

Back 11

cross-sectional study

Front 12

An increase in a previously habituated response as a result of a change in the stimulus

Back 12

dishabituation

Front 13

The inability to take the perspective of another person; a tendency to view the world as centered around oneself

Back 13

egocentric

Front 14

The establishment of harmony or balance between assimilation and accommodation

Back 14

equilibration

Front 15

A condition marked by stunted growth of the head and body; malformations of the face, heart, and ears; and nervous system damage, including seizures, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and mental retardation

Back 15

fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 16

an organism more developed than an embryo but not yet born (from about 8 weeks after conception until birth in humans)

Back 16

fetus

Front 17

Twins who develop from two eggs (dizygotic) fertilized by two different sperm; they are not more closely related than are any other children born to the same parents

Back 17

fraternal twins

Front 18

A segment of a chromosome that controls chemical reactions that ultimately direct the development of the organism

Back 18

gene

Front 19

A decrease in a person's response to a stimulus after it has been presented repeatedly

Back 19

habituation

Front 20

An estimate of the variance within a population that is due to heredityh

Back 20

heritability

Front 21

Twins who develop from the same fertilized egg (monozygotic) and therefore have the same genes

Back 21

identical twins

Front 22

The outcome of having explored various possible identities and then making one's own decisions

Back 22

identity achievement

Front 23

Concerns with decisions about the future and the quest for self-understanding

Back 23

identity crisis

Front 24

The condition of having not yet given any serious thought to identity decisions and having no clear sense of identity

Back 24

identity diffusion

Front 25

The state of having made firm identity decisions without having through much about them

Back 25

identity foreclosure

Front 26

The state of seriously considering one's identity without yet having made any decisions

Back 26

identity moratorium

Front 27

Those who pay little attention to their children beyond doing what is necessary to feed and shelter them

Back 27

indifferent or uninvolved parents

Front 28

A study of a single group of individuals over time

Back 28

longitudinal study

Front 29

A time of goal reassessment

Back 29

midlife transition

Front 30

A problem that pits one moral value against another

Back 30

moral dilemma

Front 31

The concept that objects continue to exist even when one does not see, hear, or otherwise sense them

Back 31

object permanence

Front 32

According to Piaget a mental process that can be reversed

Back 32

operation

Front 33

Those who are warm and loving but undemanding

Back 33

permissive parents

Front 34

An inherited disorder in which a person lacks the chemical reactions that convert a nutrient called phenylalanine into other chemcials; unless the diet is carefully controlled, the affected person will become mentally retarded

Back 34

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Front 35

According to Piaget the second stage of intellectual development, in which children lack operations

Back 35

preoperational stage

Front 36

An organized way of interacting with objects in the world

Back 36

schema

Front 37

The tendency of some kinds of people to be more likely than others to drop out of a study

Back 37

selective attrition

Front 38

According to Piaget the first stage of intellectual development; an infant's behavior is limited to making simple motor responsess to sensory stimli

Back 38

sensorimotor stage

Front 39

A procedure in which researchers start with groups of people of different ages, studied at the same time, and then study them again at one or more later times

Back 39

sequential design

Front 40

The pair of chromosomes that determine whether an individual will develop as a female or as a male

Back 40

sex chromosomes

Front 41

A gene that affects one sex more strongly than the other, even though both sexes have the gene

Back 41

sex-limited gene

Front 42

A gene located on the X chromosome

Back 42

sex-lined gene

Front 43

According to Piaget the ability to deal with the properties of concrete objects but not hypothetical or abstract questions

Back 43

stage of concrete operations

Front 44

According to Piaget the stage when children develop the ability to deal with abstract, hypothetical situations, which demand logical, deductive reasoning and systematic planning

Back 44

stage of formal operations

Front 45

A procedure in which a spychologist observes an infant's behavior in an unfamiliar room at various times as a stranger enters, leaves, and returns

Back 45

Strange Sitations

Front 46

People's tendency to be either active or inactive, outgoing or reserved, and to respond vigorously or quietly to new stimuli

Back 46

temperament

Front 47

The proposal that we cope with our fear of death by avoiding thinking about death and by affirming a worldview that provides self-esteem, hope, and value in life

Back 47

terror-management theory

Front 48

An understanding that other people have a mind too and that each person knows some things that other people don't know

Back 48

theory of mind

Front 49

A sex chromosome; females have two per cell and males have only one

Back 49

X chromosome

Front 50

A sex chromosome; males have one per cell and females ahve none

Back 50

Y chromosome

Front 51

The distance between what a child can do on his or her own and what the child can do with the help of adults or older children

Back 51

zone of proximal development

Front 52

A fertilized egg cell

Back 52

zygote