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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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empirical approach
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study conducted via careful observations
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pseudopsychology
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erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology
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confirmation bias
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tendency to believe evidence to agree with our beliefs ad ignore evidence that doesn't
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what are the three main fields of psychology?
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-experimental (basic psychology research, usually works in college/university)
-teachers of psychology (overlaps with experimental at times, mainly teaches psychology) -applied psychology (uses found knowledge to tackle human problems) |
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Significances of the three original thinkers of psychology (name them, their positions in nature vs nurture, and their main achievement):
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-Socrates: nature
-Plato: nature, 1st credited w/ study of gaining knowledge + cognition -Aristotle - nurture, sensation + perception, cognition, memory, prob solving |
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Structuralism
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sought "elements" of consciousness, influenced by darwin and periodic table, included introspection
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Introspection
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process of reporting one's own conscious mental experiences, subjective, created by Wundt
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EB Titchner
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Student of Wundt, used introspection, introduced experimental psychology to US
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Functionalism
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founded by William James, believed in "stream of consciousness", the continual flow of mental process, emphasis was on adapting to environments, learned habits/emotions
followers were the first APPLIED psychologists |
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Gestalt Psychology (list three major people as well)
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-studied PERCEPTION (meaningful wholes), opposite of structuralism
-Wertheimer - visual illusions, "necker cube" -Kohler - insight learning -Koffka - child developmental psychology, infants respond holistically, later develop individual sensations |
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Behaviorism
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psychology must focus only on behavior, NO MENTAL PROCESSES
-John Watson: psychology is stimuli from environment, and the organism's responses, attacked introspection |
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Psychoanalysis
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emphasized unconscious process
Freud - included unconscious mind |
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Which two psychologies lasted longer?
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psychoanalysis + behaviorism
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behavioral perspective
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cues of reward and punishment, learning from environment stimuli
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cognitive perspective
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emphasis on mental processes (learning, memory, perception, thinking) as mental processing. How we interpret our experiences (people like computers)
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psychoanalytic perspective
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motivation from irrational desires
Freud: mind is a boiler with increasing pressure of unconscious sexual/destructive desires + traumatic memories |
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humanist perspective
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human ability/growth comes from self need for personal growth (Abraham Maslow + Carl Rogers)
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