Psychology Chapter 1

Front 1

basic research

Back 1

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowlege base.

Front 2

applied research

Back 2

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Front 3

behavioral psychology

Back 3

studying behavior

Front 4

cognitive psychology

Back 4

thinking

Front 5

biological psychology

Back 5

biological events

Front 6

psychodynamic psychology

Back 6

personality

Front 7

evolutionary psychology

Back 7

inherited tendencies

Front 8

neuroscience psychology

Back 8

how the body & brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

Front 9

behavioral genetics psychology

Back 9

how much our genes & our enviroment influence our individual differences

Front 10

social-cultural psychology

Back 10

how behavior & thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Front 11

clinical psychology

Back 11

a branch of psychology taht studies and helps people with psychological disorders.

Front 12

psychiatry

Back 12

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders. provide medical treatments to patient

Front 13

hindsight bias

Back 13

the tendency to believe after learing an outcome

Front 14

overconfidence

Back 14

people tend to believe the same at other people

Front 15

confirmation bias

Back 15

people look for things that share their opinion

Front 16

empiricism

Back 16

knowledge through observation

Front 17

rationalism

Back 17

using common sense

Front 18

structuralism

Back 18

function of human mind by introspection. (Wundt)

Front 19

behaviorism

Back 19

study of only observable behavior (Watson/Skinner)

Front 20

cognitive

Back 20

looking at thinking

Front 21

psychology

Back 21

the science of behavior & mental processes

Front 22

nature-nurture

Back 22

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

Front 23

critical thinking

Back 23

thinking that doesn't blindly accept arguments and conclusions. It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assess conclusions.

Front 24

theory

Back 24

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and prdicts observation

Front 25

hypothesis

Back 25

a testable prediction, often implied by theory

Front 26

operational definition

Back 26

a statement of the proceedures use to define research variables

Front 27

replication

Back 27

repeating the essence of a research study.

Front 28

case study

Back 28

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Front 29

survey

Back 29

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors or people, randomly

Front 30

population

Back 30

all cases in a group that can be used in a study.

Front 31

random sample

Back 31

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Front 32

naturalistic observation

Back 32

observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate and control situation

Front 33

correlation coeffiecient

Back 33

a statistical measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together

Front 34

illusionary correlation

Back 34

the perception of a relationship where none exists.

Front 35

experiment

Back 35

a research method where an investigator manipulates 1 or 2 factors to observe the effects. Random

Front 36

placebo

Back 36

an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent.

Front 37

double-blind procedure

Back 37

an experiment werher both the research participants & research staff are ignorant about whether the participants have received the placebo or treatments.

Front 38

placebo effect

Back 38

any effect on behavior caused by a placebo

Front 39

experimental condition

Back 39

the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, the one verson of the independent variable

Front 40

random assignment

Back 40

assigning participants to experimental and control conditons by chance minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups.

Front 41

independent variable

Back 41

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Front 42

dependent variable

Back 42

the experimental factor-in psychology, the behavior or mental process-that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Front 43

culture

Back 43

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Front 44

SQ3R

Back 44

a study method incoporating Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review.