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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behaviorism
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Observable and measurable therefore it is objective and scientific, primarily determined by environment.
Founded by John B. Watson B.F. Skinner: mind, consciousness and feelings are not needed to explain behavior operant conditioning: any behavior that is reinforced followed by pleasant or rewarding consequences is more likely to be performed again |
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Psychoanalysis
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Founder is Sigmund Freud
Focuses on the unconscious that controls thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Unconscious stores materials that threaten the conscious life of individual |
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Humanistic Psychology
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Rejects behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Focuses on the uniqueness of humans and their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health. People are innately good and possess free will. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
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Cognitive Psychology
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Humans are not passive recipients who are pushed and pulled by environmental forces, but are active participants who seek out experiences who alter and shape those experiences, and who use mental processes to transform info.
Gestalt Psychology, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kofka |
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Evolutionary Psychology
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Focuses on how the human behaviors required for survival have adapted in the face of environmental pressures over the long course of evolution
Charles Darwin, natural selection |
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Biological (Physiological) Psychology
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Looks for links between specific behaviors and specific biological processes that help explain individual differences. Structure of the brain and CNS, functioning of neurons, balance of neurotransmitters, hormones and hereditary.
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Sociocultural Approach
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Social and cultural influence affect behavior and mental processing; must understand these influences when interpreting the behavior of others
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Naturalistic Observation
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DRM in which researchers observe and record behavior in its natural setting without attempting to influence or control it
bias: researchers expectations |
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Laboratory Observation
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DRM in which behavior is studied in a laboratory setting where researchers can exert more control and use more precise equipment to measure responses
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The Case Study
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DRM in which a single person or a small number of individuals are studied in great depth, usually over an extended period of time
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Survey Research
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DRM including interviews, questionnaires to gather information
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Psychology
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Scientific Method
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Observe and theorize
Formulate Hypothesis Design a study Collect data Apply results to hypothesis replication |
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Structuralism
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The first formal school of thought in psychology which endeavored to analyze basic elements (or structure) of conscience mental experience
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Functionalism
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How mental processes function or how humans and animals use mental processes in adapting to their environment
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Correlation Method
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DRM used to establish the degree of relationships between two characteristics, events, or behaviors
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