Psychology Ch.8 Vocab

Front 1

Simple sugar that provides energy and is primarily produced by the conversion of carbohydrates and fats; commonly called blood sugar.

Back 1

glucose

Front 2

Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood levels of glucose and signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior.

Back 2

insulin

Front 3

When the body is at rest, that rate at which it uses energy for vital functions, such as heartbeat and respiration.

Back 3

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Front 4

Body fat that is the main source of stored, or reserve, energy.

Back 4

adipose tissue

Front 5

The long-term matching of food intake to energy expenditure.

Back 5

energy homeostasis

Front 6

Hormone manufactured primarily by the stomach that stimulates appetite and the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.

Back 6

ghrelin

Front 7

In eating behavior, he anticipated pleasure of consuming a particular food; in general, the expectation of pleasure or satisfaction in performing a particular behavior.

Back 7

positive incentive value

Front 8

In eating behavior, the feeling of fullness and diminished desire to eat that accompanies eating a meal; in general, that sensation of having an appetite or desire fully or excessively satisfied.

Back 8

satiation

Front 9

Hormone secreted primarily by the small intestine that promotes satiation; also found in the brain.

Back 9

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Front 10

The reduced desire to continue consuming a particular food.

Back 10

sensory-specific satiety

Front 11

Hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior.

Back 11

leptin

Front 12

Neurotransmitter found in several brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus, that stimulates eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain.

Back 12

neuropeptide (NPY)

Front 13

Theory that proposes that humans and other animals have a natural or optimal body weight, called the _set point weight_ , that the body defends from becoming higher or lower by regulating feelings of hunger and metabolism.

Back 13

set-point theory

Front 14

General model of weight regulation suggesting that body weight settles, or stabilizes, around the oint at which there is a blance between the factors influencing energy intake and energy expenditure.

Back 14

settling-point models of weight regulation

Front 15

A numerical scale indicating adult height in realtion to weight.

Back 15

body mass index (BMI)

Front 16

Condition characterized by excessive body fat and a body mass index equal to or greater than 30.0.

Back 16

obese

Front 17

The tendency to eat more when a wide variety of palatable foods is available.

Back 17

cafeteria diet effect

Front 18

A condition in which higher-than-normal blood levels of the hormone leptin do not produce the expected physiological weight.

Back 18

leptin resistance

Front 19

Repeated cycles of dieting, weight loss, and weight regain; also called _yo-yo dieting_.

Back 19

weight cycling

Front 20

A category of mental disorders characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior.

Back 20

eating disorder

Front 21

An eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception.

Back 21

anorexia nervosa

Front 22

An eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other inappropriate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain.

Back 22

bulemia nervosa