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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A cycle or rhythm that is roughly 24 hours long; the cyclical daily fluctuations in biological and psychological processes.
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cricadian rhythm
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A cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that governs the timing of circadian rhythms.
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suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
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A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness.
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melatonin
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A instrument that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure and record the brain's electrical activity.
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electroencephalogram
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The graphic record of brain activity produced by and electroencephalograph.
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EEG (electroencephalogram)
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Type of sleep during which rapid eye movements (REM) and dreaming usually occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed.
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REM sleep
also called active sleep or paradoxical sleep |
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Quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent; divided into four stages.
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NREM sleep
also called quiet sleep |
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Brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness.
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beta brain waves
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Brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness.
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alpha brain waves
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Vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep.
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hypnagogic hallucinations
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Short bursts of brain activity that characterize stage 2 NREM sleep.
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sleep spindles
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Single but large high-voltage spike of brain activity that characterizes stage 2 NREM sleep.
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K complex
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A temporary condition in which a person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night.
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sleep paralysis
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A pehnomenon in which a person who is deprved of REM sleep greatly increases the amount of time spent in REM sleep at the first opportunity to sleep uninterrupted.
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REM rebound
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The view that sleep and dreaming are essential to normal physical and mental functioning.
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restorative theory of sleep
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The view that uniue sleep patterns of different aniimals evolve over time to help promote survival and environmental adaptation.
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adaptive theory of sleep
also called evolutionary theory of sleep |
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Serious disturbances in the normal sleep pattern that interfere with daytime functioning and cause subjective distress.
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sleep disorders
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A condition in which a person regularly experiences an inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or to feel adequately rested by sleep.
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insomnia
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A condition in which unpleasant sensations in the lower legs are accompanied by an irrisistible urge to move the lega, temporarily relieving the unpleasant sensation but disrupting sleep.
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restless legs syndrome (RLS)
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A sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep.
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sleep apnea
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A sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of walking or performing other actions during stage 3 or stage 4 NREM sleep.
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sleepwalking
also called somnambulism |
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A sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of increased physiological arousal, intense fear and panic, firghtening hallucinations, and no recall of the episode the next morning; typically occurs during stage 3 or stage 4 NREM sleep
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night terrors
or sleep terrors |
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A category of sleep disorders characterized by arousal or activaltion during sleep or sleep transitions; includes sleepwalking, night terrors, sleep bruxism, sleep-related eating disorder, and REM sleep behvior disorder.
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parasomnias
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A sleep disorder in which the sleeper acts out his or her dreams.
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REM sleep behavior disorder
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A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses into sleep throughout the day.
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narcolepsy
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A sudden loss of voluntary muscle strength and control that is usually triggered by an intense emotion.
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cataplexy
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Repetitive, bland, uncreative ruminations about real-life events during sleep.
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sleep thinking
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A storylike episode of unfolding mental imagery during sleep.
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dream
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A frightening or unpleasant anxiety dream that occurs during REM sleep.
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nightmare
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In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered by the dreamer.
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manifest content
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In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious wishes, thoughts, and urges that are concealed in the manifest content of a dream.
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latent content
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The theory that brain activity during sleep produces dream images (activation), which are combined by the brain into a dream story (synthesis).
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activation-synthesis model of dreaming
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