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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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An individual’s unique and relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
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Id
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instinctual drives present at birth
–does not distinguish between reality and fantasy –operates according to the pleasure principle |
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Ego
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develops out of the id in infancy
–understands reality and logic –mediator between id and superego |
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Superego
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–internalization of society’s moral standards
–responsible for guilt |
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Oral Stage
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•Mouth is associated with sexual pleasure.
•Weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly. •Fixation can lead to oral activities in adulthood. |
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Anal Stage
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Anus is associated with pleasure.
•Toilet training can lead to fixation if not handled correctly. •Fixation can lead to anal retentive or expulsive behaviors in adulthood. |
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Phallic Stage
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Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals.
•Oedipus or Electra complex can occur •Fixation can lead to excessive masculinity in males and the need for attention or domination in females. |
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Latency Stage
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•Sexuality is repressed
•Children participate in hobbies, school, and same-sex friendships |
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Genital Stage
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Sexual feelings re-emerge and are oriented toward others.
•Healthy adults find pleasure in love and work, fixated adults have their energy tied up in earlier stages. |
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Defense Mechanisms
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Unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety
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Carl Jung’s
Karen Horney’s Alfred Adler’s |
collective unconscious
focus on security individual psychology |
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Humanistic Perspective
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•Free will
•Self-awareness •Psychological growth •Abraham Maslow •Carl Rogers |
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Collective unconscious
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human collective evolutionary history (archetypes)
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Universality of themes
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•archetypes
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Positive regard
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conditional and unconditional
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Five-Factor Model
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•Described somewhat differently among researchers
•Factors —usually rated from low to high –Extraversion –Neuroticism –Openness to Experience –Agreeableness –Conscientiousness |
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Alfred Adler
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Overcompensation may cause superiority complex, in which a person exaggerates their own achievements and importance
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Karen Horney
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Looked at anxiety related to security and social relationships
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Projective Tests
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•Examiner or test situation may influence individual’s response
•Scoring is highly subjective •Tests fail to produce consistent results (reliability problem) •Tests are poor predictors of future behavior (validity problem) |
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Possible Selves
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The aspect of the self-concept that includes images of the selves that you hope, fear, or expect to become in the future.
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