Psychology Ch.1 Chapter Review

Front 1

The <b>scientific</b> study of behavior and mental processes.

Descended from Philosophy & Physiology.

Back 1

Psychology

Front 2

Credited with <b>founding psychology</b> as an experimental science.

German physiologist

Back 2

Wilhelm Wundt
1832-1920

Front 3

1st school of psychology

Uses Objective Introspection

founded by Titchener

Back 3

Structuralism

Front 4

Student of Wundt

founder of Structuralsim

Back 4

Edward B. Titchener
1867-1927

Front 5

School of psychology that emphasizes the adaptive role of behaviour.

Founded by William James.

Back 5

Functionalism

Front 6

Founded and promoted psychology in U.S.

Founder of Functionalism.

Mentor of G. Stanley Hall and Mary Whiton Calkins.

Back 6

William James
1842-1910

Front 7

Emphasized the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behaviour and personality.

Established by Sigmund Freud.

Back 7

Psychoanalysis

Front 8

Rejected the study of mental processes
Emphasized the study of observable behaviour, especially the principles of learning.

Emerged during early 1900s, based on Ivan Pavlov's research.

!st championed by John Watson.

Further developed by B.F. Skinner.

Back 8

Behaviorism

Front 9

Emphasized psychological growth and the importance of choice in human behaviour.

Carl rogers and Abraham Maslow

Back 9

Humanistic psychology

Front 10

7 different perspectives of psychology, providing an example of the diversity of the science.

Back 10

biological
psychodynamic
behavioral
humanistic
cognitive
cross-cultural
evolutionary

Front 11

The four goals of psychology.

Back 11

Describe
Explain
Predict
Influence (human behavior and mental processes)

Front 12

4 steps of scientific process.

Back 12

1. Generate a hypothesis that can be tested empirically
2. Design the study and collect the data
3. Analyze the data and draw conclusions
4. report the findings

Front 13

Tools for understanding and explaining behavior adn mental processes.

Models that develop to explain different findings on a related topic.

They evolve and change as new evidence emerges.

Back 13

Theories

Front 14

Research strategies used to observe and describe behaviour.

Ex.
Naturalistic observation
Case study

Back 14

Descriptive research methods

Front 15

Research method that aims to detect behaviour patterns as they exist in their natural settings.

Back 15

Naturalistic observation

Front 16

Research method that involves intensive study of a single subject of small group of subjects.

Back 16

Case study

Front 17

Three methods of research administered to a sample of the larger group to be investigated.

Back 17

Surveys, questionnaires, and interviews

Front 18

Studies that investigate how strongly two factors are related to each other.

Back 18

Correlational studies

Front 19

Indicates that two factors vary in the same direction.

Back 19

Positive correlation

Front 20

Indicates that two factors vary in opposite directions.

Back 20

Negative correlation