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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Psychology |
the study of the breath/spirit/soul |
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Critical thinking |
Systematically evaluating info to make conclusions - need "empirical evidence" based on scientific observation -objective based on fact not opinion |
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nature/nurture debate |
Are psychological characteristics biologically innate or are they acquired through education, experience, and culture? -BOTH (inseparable)
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Psychological science |
is the scientific study of mind, brain, and behavior |
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Structuralism (used Introspection) |
Conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components
Introspection: A systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts |
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Functionalism ( idea of stream of consciousness) |
The mind should be understood in terms of the adaptive functions that it serves
Stream of consciousness: The mind is a continuously changing series of thoughts and therefore cannot be broken down |
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Gestalt Theory |
The whole subjective experience is more than the sum of its parts. Consciousness & perception shouldn’t be broken down into pieces.
(picture of giraffe broken into pieces but we connect the dots to make sense of it) |
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Behaviorism |
We can only study what is directly observable: How the environment affects behavior. Mental processes have no place in science. |
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Cognitive Psychology |
Mental processes ARE important: We can study how people think, learn, & remember |
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Psychoanalytic Theory |
Unconscious mental processes operate below the level of conscious awareness |
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culture |
the beliefs, values, rules, & customs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment and that are transmitted through learning from one generation to the next |
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cultural evolution vs. biological evolution |
- cultural is much faster |
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reductionist approach |
very specific and detailed questions rather than the big picture (depth rather than breath)
-structural and cognitive schools
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holistic approach |
broad questions (breath rather than depth)
- Gestalt and functional schools
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4 levels of analysis |
1. biological - Brain systems, neurochemistry, genetics
2. individual - Personality, perception & cognition, behavior
3. social - Social influence, interpersonal behavior, social cognition
4. cultural - Thoughts, actions, behaviors in different societies & cultural groups |
