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59 Cards in this Set

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cognition - Kennis
refers to all mental activities associated with processing, understanding, remembering, and communicating
Cognitive psychologist
studies cognition and logical and illogical ways in which we create concepts, solve problems, make decisions and form judgements
concepts
mental groupings of similar ojects, events, and people
heirarchies
categories in which we organize concept
prototypes
a mental image or best example incorporating all features associated with a catagory
algorithums
step-by-step procedures that garantee a solution
heuristics
simplifying algorithums
insight
perceive the solution in sudden flash
Where in the brain is the location of insight activity
temporal lobe
confirmation bias
"we seek evidence verifying our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence that might refute them"
Peter Wason
(1960) Demonstrated confirmation bias by testing British University students with the 3 number sequence
Fixation
the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective
functional fixedness
tendency to think of only the farmiliar functions for an object, w/o imaging other uses.
representativeness heuristic
judges likelihood of things in terms of how well the represent particular prototypes
availability heuristic
base our judgements on how mentally available information is.
overconfidence
a tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgement
framing
the way an issue is posed or presented
belief perserverance
clinging to ones intiail conceptions after the basis on which they were formed are dicredited
language
spoken, written or signed words. most tangible indication of our thinking power.
babbling stage
4 months-spontaneously utter sounds
one-word stage
1 yr-sounds carry meaning
two-word stage
2 yrs-learns a word per day.
telegraphic speech
contains mostly nouns and verbs
B. F. Skinner
operant learning-explain language development with farmiliar learning principles
Linguist Noam Chomsky
Inborn Universal Grammar: language will naturally occur given adequate nurture
linguistic determination
different languages impose different conceptions of reality (Linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf)
bilingual advantage
Wallace Lambert-better able to inhibit their attention to irrelevant information
nondeclarative (procedural) memory
a mental picture of how you do something
intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt.
general intelligence
Charles Spearman-underlies specific mental abilities
savant syndrome
limited mental ability, exceptional at one specific skill
analytical intelligence
acedemic problem solving
creative intelligence
adapting to novel situations with novel ideas
practical intelligence
everyday tasks
creativity
the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable.
extpertise
a well-developed base of knowledge
imaginative thinking skills
ability to see things in novel ways
venturesome personality
seeks new experiences rather than following the pack
intrinsic motivation
motivated primarily by the interest, enjoyment, satisfaction and challenges of the work itself
creative environment
supports, sparks, and reifines creative ideas
emotional intelligence
1. percieve 2. understand 3. manage 4. use
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes
mental age
a measure or intelligence test performance devised be Binet
Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests.
aptitude
capacity to learn
acheivement
what has already been learned.
standardization
defining meaningfulscores relative to a pretested group
normal curve
symmetrical bell curve
heritability
the variation of intelligence test scores attributable to genetic factors
Girls vs. Boys...who's a better speller?
Girls!
Girls vs Boys...who's better at verbal ability? (remembering words)
Females!
Who's the winner at nonverbal memory?
take a guess.......girls DUH!
Girls vs Boys...more sensitive?
GIRLS!!!! more attuned to touch, taste and odor
Who's better at detecting emotions?
.......duh.
What is the one thing that boys are better at?
underacheivement
girls and boys are equally as good at...
math
stereotype threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be elevated based on a negative stereotype.