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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The average adult need about six hours of sleep a night.

False-most of us need 7-10 hours of sleep

People move slowly through the first four stages of sleep but then spend the rest of the night in REM sleep.

False-stage 1 sleep

When we dream, our brains are much less active than then awake.

False-When we are sleeping, are brains are more active than when we are awake

Sleep apnea is more common in thin than in overweight people.

False-overweight people have it more because of the enlarged tonsils

Night terrors usually last only a few minutes and are typically harmless.

True

Dreams often reflect unfulfilled wishes, as Freud suggested.

False-if this were true, we'd expect most of our dream content to be positive, but yet most of them are negative.

Activation-synthesis theory proposes that dreams result from incomplete neural signals generated by the pons.

True

REM sleep is triggered by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

True

Damage to the forebrain can eliminate dreams.

True

Recurrent dreams are extremely rare.

False-50%-80% of people report recurrent dreams

College students rarely, if ever, report that they hallucinate.

False-as many as 39% of college students have hallucinated at least once.

OBE's are related to the ability to fantasize.

True

Many of the experiences associated with a NDE can be created in circumstances that have nothing to do with being "near death."

True

Déjá vu experiences often last for as long as an hour.

False-they last around 10-30 seconds

A hypnosis induction greatly increases suggestibility beyond waking suggestibility.

False-it typically includes relaxation, calmness, and well-being, along with instructions to imagine or think about pleasant experiences.

The effects of many drugs depend on the expectation of the user.

True

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant.

True

Tobacco is the most potent natural stimulant drug.

False-cocaine is the most powerful natural stimulant

A causal link between marijuana and poor school performance has been well established.

False

Drug flashbacks are common among people who use LSD.

False

As a college student you may like to sleep late in the morning because your _____ ______ is set that way.
Biological clock
The result of a disruption of our body's circadian rhythms that occurs when you fly across the country is called what?
jet lag
Label the brain components that the activation-sythesis theory suggest are involved in dreaming.
A. cerebral cortex
B. Thalamus
C. Pons
D. Spinal cord
Label the types of brain waves displayed at each sleep stage.
1 Beta waves
2 Alpha waves
3 Theta waves
4 Sleep spindles and K complexes
5 Delta
REM sleep
Rem and non-REM dreams differ in that _______ dreams tend to be emotional and ilogical and ______ _____ dreams are shorter, more repetitive, and deal with everyday topoics of current concern.
REM, Non-REM
When humans are deprived of REM for a few nights, we experience ____ _________, during which the amount and intensity of REM sleep increases.
REM rebound
Researchers have discovered that brief psychotherapy (more/less) effective than Ambien, a popular sleeping pill in the treatment of insomnia
more
People who have what disorder fall asleep suddenly and at inopportune times, like while driving a car.
narcolepsy
What factors can contribute to cataplexy in people or animals with narcolepsy?
surpise, elation, or other strong emotions
During a(n) _______ ________, a child can experience a dramatic episode of crying or thrashing during non-REM sleep, and won't remember it in the morning.
night terror
Sleeping is most frequent in (childhood/adulthood)
childhood
In the era before rigorous laboratory research, The Interpretation of Dreams, by ________ __________ played an influential role in how people thought about dreams.
Sigmund Frued
Freud distinguished between the details of the dream itself, which he called the _________ _________, and the true, hidden meaning, which he called the _________ _______.
manifest content, latent content
Nightmares, which are common in both children and adults, challenge which theory about dreams?
wish fulfillment
Evidence suggests that dreams (are/are not) involved in processing emotional memories and integrating new experiences with established memories to make sense of the world.
are
Hobson and McCarley's activation synthesis theory links dreams to __________ _________.
brain activation
REM sleep is activated by surges of the neurotransmitter _____________, which activates nerve cells in the pons.
acetylcholine
People who have an injury to the _________, as researched by Solms, do not dream.
forebrain
Scientist who take a(n) __________ view of dreaming contend that we must consider our cognitive capacities, which shape the content of our dreams.
neurocognitive
Children's dreams tend to be (less/more) emotional and bizarre than adult dreams.
less
_________ are realistic perceptual experiences in the absence of any external stimuli.
hallucinations
Why do people who float in lukewarm saltwater in dark and silent sensory deprivation tanks hallucinate?
To compensate for the lack of sensory stimulation
Although there are many variations depending on one's religion and culture, many people in our culture associate a(n) _______ experience with approaching a white light.
near death
One of the most common alterations in consciousness, ______ ____ is the sensation that you're reliving something even though you know the situation is new, or that you've been somewhere, even though you've never been there before.
dęjà vu
To increase people's suggestibility, most hypnotists use an _________ _________, which typically includes suggestions for relaxation and calmness.
induction method
Hypnosis in clinical practice (has/has not) demonstrated positive effects in treating pain and habit disorders, such as smoking.
has
One of the most popular myths about hypnosis is that it can make people remember a past life using a therapy called ________ _________ __________
past life regression therapy
For _________ theorists, people's expectations about hypnosis, including the cues they receive from hypnotists, shape their responses.
sociocognitive
Hilgard's ____________ theory explains hypnosis based on a separation of the part of the personality responsible for planning from the part of the personality that controls awareness.
dissociation
People qualify for a diagnosis of _________ ____________ ____________ when they experience recurrent problems related to the drug.
substance use disorder
People can develop ________ _________ when their continued use of a drug is motivated by intense cravings.
psychological dependence
Cultures in which drinking is strictly prohibited exhibit (low/high) rates of alcoholism.
low
According to the ______ _________ __________ people consume alcohol and otgher drugs to relieve anxiety.
World Health Organization
Some people abuse __________ to postpone fatigue or elavate their mood while performing an unpleasant task.
amphetamines
In recent years, as many as one in 20 high school students report using methampetamine, which in its crystalline form is known as _____ ______.
crystal meth
Opiate drugs-heroin, morphine, and codeine- are often called _____ because they relieve pain and induce sleep.
narcotics
Hoffman created the mind-altering hallucinogenic drug ____ by accident while creating a compound from chemicals in a fungus.
LSD