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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bottom-up processing
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analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information
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top-down processing
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information processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
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sensation
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the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
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Perception
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the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
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psychophysics
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the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
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Absolute threshold
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the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
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Difference threshold
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the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
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Weber's law
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to be detected as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage rather than a constant amount
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Signal detection theory (hit, miss, correct rejection, false alarm)
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Theory attempts to predict how and when the presence of a faint stimulus is detected against background noise
hit: signal present -> detected miss: signal present -> not detected correct rejection: signal not present -> not detected False alarm: signal not present -> mistakenly detected |
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Subliminal stimulation, does it exist? how big is its effect?
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It does exist, but the effect is little or nothing of value.
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Relationship between amplitude and wavelength to brightness
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big amplitude = bright colors
small amplitude = dull colors Short wavelength - bluish colors Long wavelength - reddish colors |
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Transduction
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conversion of energy into another
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Eyes:
Corneas, Iris, Pupil |
Iris - ring of muscla
Pupil - regulates the amount of light entering the eye Cornea - the transparent anterior part of the external coat of the eye covering the iris and the pupil |
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What will cause eyes' size to change?
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Intensity of the light changes it. More intense = smaller the pupil
Large pupils represent warmer, friendlier, like to know. NOT physically more attractive |
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Lens, retina, fovea, differences between rods and cones
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Lens - the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
Retina - light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information. Fovea - the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster cones only function in well lit conditions and detect fine details;whereas rods detect colors and necessary for peripheral vision when cones don't respond |
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What are floaters?
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bits of material in the eye that cast a shadow on the retina
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Brain's main pathway for vision
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Retina -> Thalamus -> Occipital
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What is Trichromatic Theory?
What is Opponent process theory? |
Trichromatic: Retina has 3 different color receptors; they're sensitive to red green and blue
OPT: cones feed into neurons that are stimulated or inhibited by cone pairs: Red/green, Blue/Yellow, Black/White |
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What is Parallel processing?
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Can process several features at the same time
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