Psychology - Ch. 3 Terms

Front 1

Piaget's term for modifying an existing cognitive schema or creating a new one; a strategy of successful cognitive aging whereby an older individual disengages from activities that stress cognitive limits and diverts energy to areas of expertise

Back 1

accomodation

Front 2

Kaufman's term referring to the finding that elderly people tend to maintain a consistent concept of themselves that is generally unaffected by age

Back 2

ageless self

Front 3

Piaget's term for adding information to an existing schema

Back 3

assimilation

Front 4

a need for definite knowledge on an issue and a desire to avoid confusion and uncertainty

Back 4

cognitive closure

Front 5

the desire to maintain cognitive closure

Back 5

cognitive permanence

Front 6

the inclination to reach cognitive closure as quickly as possible

Back 6

cognitive urgency

Front 7

a culture in which individuals define themselves as members of a group(s), subordinate personal to group goals, and feel strong attachment to and concern for the well-being of the group

Back 7

collectivist culture

Front 8

in stage 5 in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the individual is challenged to develop an integrated sense of self, making commitments in regard to occupation, ideology, and sexual orientation and role

Back 8

ego identity versus role confusion

Front 9

Piaget's term for a state of cognitive harmony or balance

Back 9

equilibration

Front 10

the female gender role, emphasizing relationships with others

Back 10

expressive role

Front 11

the sociocultural aspects of being a female or male, as distinct from the biological aspects

Back 11

gender

Front 12

one's concept of self as either male or female

Back 12

gender identity

Front 13

society's description of appropriately masculine or feminine characteristics and behaviors; the expressive and instrumental roles

Back 13

gender roles

Front 14

Mead's concept that we begin to take perspective of other people in judging ourselves, incorporating their standards into our sense of who we are

Back 14

generalized other

Front 15

an overall sense of self-worth, based on the synthesis of seperate self-esteems in specific areas of our lives (such as academic self-esteem, social self-esteem, and so on)

Back 15

global self-esteem

Front 16

George's idea that some aspects of the self-concept are more central and critical to the sense of self than others; these are core qualities

Back 16

hierarchy of importance

Front 17

George's notion that some self-conceptions are so central to our sense of who we are that they affect every aspect of our lives; others are less influential

Back 17

hierarchy of pervasiveness

Front 18

Erikson's term for a sense of who one is, what one believes in, and where one is headed in life

Back 18

identity

Front 19

the most mature of Marcia's identity statuses; refers to an individual who has made self-chosen commitments in the areas critical to identity formation

Back 19

identity achievement

Front 20

an individual who is not in a state of identity crisis and has made no identity-related commitments; the least mature of Marcia's statuses

Back 20

identity diffusion

Front 21

Marcia's term for an individual who has made commitments chosen by others

Back 21

identity foreclosure

Front 22

Marcia's term for an individual currently in a state of identity crisis and unable to make the necessary commitments

Back 22

identity moratorium

Front 23

Marcia's model of a style of coping with the crisis of identity formation

Back 23

identity statuses

Front 24

a culture in which individuals define themselves as seperate from the group, place personal goals above group goals, and feel less attachment to and concern for the group than in collectivist cultures

Back 24

individualist cultures

Front 25

the male gender role, emphasizing independent achievement

Back 25

instrumental role

Front 26

Jame's term for the part of the self that actually knows and experiences things: the knower; also called the phenomenal self, it constructs the Me-self

Back 26

I-self

Front 27

Cooley's idea that our sense of self is largely derived from our evaluation of feedback received from others, as if they served as a social mirror

Back 27

looking glass self

Front 28

synonymous with the self-concept, Jame's term for what is known about the self

Back 28

Me-self

Front 29

equivalent to the I-self, the part of the self that actually experiences things subjectively

Back 29

phenomenal self

Front 30

Piaget's term for a cognitive concept, a unit of knowledge

Back 30

schemas

Front 31

Baltes and associate's view that successful cognitive aging involves maximizing cognitive strengths while developing compensatory skills to shore up weaknesses

Back 31

selective optimization with compensation

Front 32

consists of all the knowledge, feelings, and attitudes we have about our own being as unique, functioning individuals

Back 32

self

Front 33

our knowledge about ourselves; synonymous with Me-self

Back 33

self-concept

Front 34

our beliefs and expectations about whether we have the ability to successfully complete a particular task

Back 34

self-efficacy

Front 35

refers to feelings we have towards ourselves -- an evaluation of self-worth; those with high self-esteem have assessed the self and find it to have value

Back 35

self-esteem

Front 36

information seen as pertinent to the self is processed and retained more efficiently

Back 36

self-reference effect

Front 37

a theory or concept of the self; a concept based on information-processing theory

Back 37

self-schema

Front 38

refers to the biological, as opposed to the sociocultural, aspects of being female or male

Back 38

sex

Front 39

the age that one feels psychologically

Back 39

subjective age